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GCSE Review 3 – DNA & Protein Synthesis, Study notes of Biology

Protein synthesis. Resources. Use the GCSE Bitesize sections below and your GCSE textbook, class notes and GCSE revision guide. DNA Structure.

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GCSE Review 3 DNA & Protein Synthesis
1
GCSE Review 3DNA & Protein Synthesis
3.1. The Structure of DNA
Label the diagram on the right to show the main location and structural features of DNA:
DNA is contained within the cells ………………………………………
DNA is packaged into …………………………………………………………
Each DNA strand in sectioned off into genes.
A gene codes for ………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
The genome is ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
DNA is a polymer made from four different monomers
called ……………………………………………………………………………………
Each of these monomers consist of three main parts:
1.
2.
3.
Basic Revision Aims:
3.1. The structure of DNA
3.3. The causes and effects of mutations
Extending Further:
3.2. Protein synthesis
Resources
Use the GCSE Bitesize sections below and your GCSE textbook, class notes and GCSE revision guide.
DNA Structure
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pkmsg/revision/5 (AQA)
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3mbqhv/revision/3 (Edexcel)
Mutations
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pkmsg/revision/10 (AQA)
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3mbqhv/revision/8 (Edexcel)
Protein Synthesis (Extending Further)
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pkmsg/revision/8 (AQA) (Watch the video to help)
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3mbqhv/revision/6 (Edexcel) (Watch the video to help)
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GCSE Review 3 – DNA & Protein Synthesis

3.1. The Structure of DNA Label the diagram on the right to show the main location and structural features of DNA: DNA is contained within the cell’s ……………………………………… DNA is packaged into ………………………………………………………… Each DNA strand in sectioned off into genes. A gene codes for … ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The genome is ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… DNA is a polymer made from four different monomers called …………………………………………………………………………………… Each of these monomers consist of three main parts:

Basic Revision Aims: 3.1. The structure of DNA 3.3. The causes and effects of mutations Extending Further: 3.2. Protein synthesis Resources Use the GCSE Bitesize sections below and your GCSE textbook, class notes and GCSE revision guide. DNA Structure https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pkmsg/revision/5 (AQA) https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3mbqhv/revision/3 (Edexcel) Mutations https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pkmsg/revision/10 (AQA) https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3mbqhv/revision/8 (Edexcel) Protein Synthesis (Extending Further) https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9pkmsg/revision/8 (AQA) (Watch the video to help) https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3mbqhv/revision/6 (Edexcel) (Watch the video to help)

Label the diagram below to identify the main structures in a DNA molecule and to name the four different bases: When the two strands bond together they automatically twist into a spiral known as the ………………………………………………………………………………… Describe the way in which the four bases pair up …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… This pairing is known as …………………………………………………………………………… A sequence of three bases is known as a ………………………………….. or the …………………………………………………………… The three bases is also known as a codon. The three bases code for ……………………………………………………………………………… What does the sequence or order of bases control? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

What is different between the nucleotides in DNA and RNA? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What base pairs with adenine? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Translation Translation takes place in the ………………………………...……………… The process takes place in a series of steps. Describe them below:
  2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Every three bases on an mRNA molecule is called a ………………………………...……………………………………………
  3. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………
  4. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Every three bases on a tRNA molecule is called an ………………………………...…………………………………………… (Use the diagram on the right to help you)

The codon and the anticodon will complementary base pair to attach the tRNA to the mRNA. Once two amino acids are next to each other (adjacent) a …………………………………… bond forms between them.

  1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What happens to the polypeptide chain after translation has ended? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.3. The Causes & Effects of Mutations What is a mutation? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What can cause mutations? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… There are different types of mutation. Using the click through animation, describe and identify the type in the examples below: Example DNA Sequence Description of Mutation Mutation Name Original sequence TACGAAGCT Sequence 1 TACCAAGCT Sequence 2 TACGGAAGCT Sequence 3 TACGAGCT Sequence 4 TAGCAAGCT