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Fundamentals of Nursing: Exam 1 Review, Exams of Nursing

Edinburgh College of Art (ECA)Nursing

A comprehensive review of key concepts in fundamental nursing, covering topics such as professional nursing roles, education programs, nursing practice influences, critical thinking, the nursing process, and quality and safety education. It includes multiple-choice questions and answers, allowing students to test their understanding of the material.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/05/2025

NurseTakshif
NurseTakshif 🇬🇧

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Fundamentals of nursing - Exam 1
1. Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. Correct Answer(s) -
Caregiver
-Advocate (protect human legal rights, you act on their behalf. Eg: provide translator
for the patient who doesn't speak English.)
-Educator
-Communicator
-Manager
2. Describe education programs available for professional registered nurse
education. Correct Answer(s) - Associate of Science in Nursing Degree(ASN)
-Bachelors of Science in Nursing Degree(BSN)
-***NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination)
-Graduate Level Nurse
-Masters of Science in Nursing (MSN)
-Doctoral programs (PhD, DNP, DSN)
-Advanced Practice Nurse (APRN) (Master degrees)
3. Describe roles and career opportunities for nurses. Correct Answer(s) 1.
Clinical Specialist (CNS)
2. Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP)
3. Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM)
4. Certified Nurse Anesthetist (CNA)
5. Nurse Educator
6. Nurse Administrator
7. Nurse Researcher
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Download Fundamentals of Nursing: Exam 1 Review and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Fundamentals of nursing - Exam 1

  1. Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. Correct Answer(s) - Caregiver
  • Advocate (protect human legal rights, you act on their behalf. Eg: provide translator for the patient who doesn't speak English.)
  • Educator
  • Communicator
  • Manager
  1. Describe education programs available for professional registered nurse education. Correct Answer(s) - Associate of Science in Nursing Degree(ASN)
  • Bachelors of Science in Nursing Degree(BSN)
  • ***NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examination)
  • Graduate Level Nurse
  • Masters of Science in Nursing (MSN)
  • Doctoral programs (PhD, DNP, DSN)
  • Advanced Practice Nurse (APRN) (Master degrees)
  1. Describe roles and career opportunities for nurses. Correct Answer(s) 1. Clinical Specialist (CNS)
  2. Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP)
  3. Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM)
  4. Certified Nurse Anesthetist (CNA)
  5. Nurse Educator
  6. Nurse Administrator
  7. Nurse Researcher
  1. Discuss the influence of social, political and economic changes on nursing practices. Correct Answer(s)
  2. *****Florence Nightingale *** Correct Answer(s)** - She is around Crimean War, 1854-1856.
  • She transformed the military hospitals by setting up sanitation practices.
  • She begun to encourage everyone to wash their hands returning to the patients.
  • She wrote "Notes on Nursing".
  • Her nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration.
  • She said the roles of nursing was to be in charged somebody's health.
  • She was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist.
  1. Autonomy Correct Answer(s) - Autonomy means independence at work, and be accountable for one's actions.
  • initiation of independent nursing interventions without a medicine work.
  1. Accountability Correct Answer(s) - means you are responsible for professionally and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
  • Accountability sometimes can mean obligation, willingness, intent, and command- ment
  • Instability- Healthcare knowledge changes and grows rapidly (new medication, treatments, EBP)
  1. Identify the steps of the nursing process and provide examples of each step Correct Answer(s) 1. Assess
  2. Identify a Nursing Diagnosis
  3. Plan nursing interventions, set goals
  4. Implement the plan
  5. Evaluate if goals were met
  6. Identify sources of assessment data Correct Answer(s) - Primary data= from the patient
  • Secondary data= other source (family remembers, other health professions)
  • Subjective data= verbal descriptions (Health history, ROS Correct Answer(s) review of system, and Symptoms)
  • Objective data= what you observe (signs, physical examination, laboratory results, diagnostic test results)
  1. Discuss the importance of clustering data Correct Answer(s)
  1. Define Nursing Diagnosis Correct Answer(s) A statement that describes the patient's actual or potential response to a health problem that the nurse is licensed and competent to treat.
  2. Describe three types of nursing diagnosis Correct Answer(s) Actual, at risk, and health promotion Correct Answer(s) • Actual nursing diagnoses
  • At risk nursing diagnoses (potential diagnosis)
  • Health Promotion diagnoses ***Standardized by NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association)
  1. Contrast nursing diagnosis with medical diagnosis Correct Answer(s) Medical diagnosis= Identification of a disease condition- need a physician's license Nursing diagnosis= identification of a patient's response to a disease condition or a life condition
  2. *****Define etiology Correct Answer(s)** - ***Etiology Correct Answer(s) related Factors = r/t
  • Underlying cause of patient problem
  • Not a medical diagnosis
  • Examples Correct Answer(s) Our nursing diagnosis is pain; etiology is pain r/t swelling in soft tissue injury secondary to the diaphragm (where is the pain come from)
  1. *****Describe how defining characteristics are used to validate** Á d ž iagnoses Correct Answer(s) - ***"as evidenced by" = AEB Follows by Subjective and objective data
  2. Describe components of the planning phase of the nursing process Correct
  1. *****Differentiate between short and long term goals Correct Answer(s)** ***Short-Term= expected to be achieved in a short time. An immediate plan of care. Long-term= take weeks or months to achieve.
  2. List types of nursing interventions Correct Answer(s) • Patient assessment
  • Administration of medications/treatments
  • Environmental modifications
  • Safety modifications
  • Physical care
  • Patient and family education
  • Support (emotional, social, physical)
  • Discharge planning
  • Referral to other health care professionals
  1. Discuss the relevance of clinical practice guidelines to nursing practice Correct Answer(s) • Protocols- systematically developed sets of interventions, based on scientific evi- dence and clinical experts
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
  • Standing^ Orders/Protocols^ =Document^ of^ physician^ orders^ for^ routine^ therapies (may or may not need), monitoring guidelines, treatments, parameters
  • Clinical Pathways= Multidisciplinary resources to guide patient care for specific conditions
  1. Discuss concepts that are important to implementation of the plan of care Correct Answer(s) • Organizing equipment
  • Organizing personnel- delegation
  • Time management
  • Thinking, doing, communicating
  1. Relate how the evaluation step of the nursing process is related to the planning Correct Answer(s) • Tracking of the patient response to interventions
  • Determining if the goals are met, unmet, partially met?
  • Provides a basis to revise the plan of care as needed o Discontinue care plan - problem is solved o Modify care plan when goal not met or partially met o May identify a new problem which needs addressing Evaluation focuses on the patient and the patient's response to nursing interventions and goal or outcome attainment. During the evaluation step of the nursing process, nurses use critical thinking to determine whether a patient's short- and long-term goals were met and desired outcomes were achieved.
  1. Define what the acronym, QSEN, stands for Correct Answer(s) Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
  1. Differentiate between "process" and "event" Correct Answer(s)
  2. Define health literacy. Correct Answer(s) The unique ability of a patient to understand and inte- grate health-related knowledge
  3. Compare and contrast teaching and learning Correct Answer(s) - teaching = is imparting knowl- edge or giving instruction. (nurse)
  • learning = is acquiring knowledge or skills through instruction or experience. (patient)
  1. Relate the components of the SPEAK UP acronym as well as the purpose of the tool. Correct Answer(s) "SPEAK UP" acronym =Tool to encourage patient involvement in care (improve safety and prevent air) S= speak up for questions or concerns P= pay attention to care you get E= educate yourself about your illness A= ask for friend or family to advocate for you K= know your medications

U= use facility with high rank and reputations P= participate in all decisions

  1. *****Differentiate the 3 domains of learning and give examples within each domain Correct Answer(s)** • Cognitive (anything with thinking) Learning comprises knowledge and material that is remembered.
  • The cognitive domain is memorization and recall
  • Affective (motions of values) Learning recognizes the emotional component of integrating new knowledge.
  • The affective domain involves emotion
  • The affective domain of learning considers feelings, values, motivation and atti- tudes of the learner.
  • Psychomotor (the doing part—muscle memory) Incorporates physical movement and the use of motor skills in learning.
  • Psychomotor learning involves physical movement and the use of motor skills such as demonstration and return demonstration.
  1. Rank the components of the cognitive domain of learning Correct Answer(s) ***Knowledge- recall, remember, define, repeat, state
  • ***Comprehension- categorize, understand
  • Application- apply, use
  • ***Analysis- determine, diagnose
  • Synthesis- create, originate
  • Evaluation- judgment of worth
  1. Domains of Learning Correct Answer(s) Affective Correct Answer(s) • Receiving Correct Answer(s) Attentive and willing to learn
  • Responding Correct Answer(s) Active participation
  • Each goal states a singular behavior (one-thing)
  • Set^ a^ specific^ timing^ of^ the^ outcome
  • Identify the domain of learning
  • Select a teaching strategy or instructional method that is appropriate for the objectives, the learning domain, and the patient based on the assessment.
  • Select appropriate Tools/resources
  • Select and prepare the setting
  1. *****Relate**^ appropriate^ applications^ of^ different^ teaching^ strategies^ Correct Answer(s) - Cogni- tive learning methods Correct Answer(s) Discussion, lecture, question and answer, computer assisted instruction
  • ***Affective learning methods Correct Answer(s) ***Role play, discussion of feelings, sharing experi- ences
  • Psychomotor learning methods Correct Answer(s) Demonstration, practice
  1. Describe^ principles^ of^ teaching^ and^ learning^ Correct^ Answer(s)^ •^ Begin^ with essential content first
  • Order the material simple to complex
  • Set a time limit (short sessions are more effective)
  • Encourage active participation
  • Employ demonstration whenever possible
  • Include a variety of teaching techniques Correct Answer(s) audio, visual, and kinesthetic (hands on)
  • Use repetition (of key points, and of skills)
  • Be sensitive to quantity of material
  • For tasks, use sequential ordering
  • Frame content from familiar to unfamiliar
  • Create an atmosphere of acceptance
  • Include teaching that exercises multiple senses
  1. Describe nursing activities during the implementation phase of a teaching plan Correct Answer(s) Implement the teaching plan
  • Maintain attention and participation
  • Use encouragement
  • Give constructive feedback
  • Include family /significant others
  • Avoid^ medical^ jargon
  • Attend to cultural differences
  • Attend to generational differences
  1. Whole Medical Systems Correct Answer(s) Any system
  • Eastern Correct Answer(s) Traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda Medicine
  • Western Correct Answer(s) Chiropractic( Osteio—paÕth),ic (t¨—NÕat„u)r,opathic, Homeopathic
  • Native or Folk Medicine Correct Answer(s) Native American, Hispanic (•íYS„o),uth African
  • Yoga
  1. Energy Medicine Correct Answer(s) Energy Therapies (manipulation of energy fields) (Energy therapies is a collective term that refers to variety of complimentary treat- ments, it is based on modifying or manipulating the energy fields. So that's the purpose.)
  • Healing Touch
  • Reiki
  • Therapeutic Touch
  • Magnet Therapy
  1. Differentiate the focus of traditional Western Medicine compared to East- ern Medicine Correct Answer(s)
  2. List nurse-accessible therapies and describe the clinical applications of these therapies. Correct Answer(s)
  3. Differentiate between complementary and alternative therapies. Correct Answer(s)
  1. Differentiate between the types of CAMS Correct Answer(s) • ***Holism Correct Answer(s) mental, body mind and spirit, emotional, relationship, environmental
  • Spirituality Correct Answer(s) creative, motilities (it's relationship between yourself and whatever high power you choose. Spirituality is people meaning to your body)
  • Energy Correct Answer(s) basic materiel in the universal environment (enforce the intergrades, the body mind experience)
  • Healing Environments Correct Answer(s) not a place, powdering your patients (always focus in nursing, powdering the clients to provide knowledge and skills, supporting them to allow that person make health decision to themselves)
  1. holistic Correct Answer(s)
  2. Define EBP Correct Answer(s) A problem-solving approach to clinical practice that integrates the conscientiousu=s#e„ of best evidence (research, date) in combination with a clinician's expertise and patient preferences and values in making decisions about patient care.
  3. List the 6 steps of Evidence-Based Practice Correct Answer(s) - Spirit of inquiry (nurses should always be asking why)
  • Ask^ a^ clinical^ question
  • Collect the most relevant and best evidence
  • Critically appraise the evidence you gather
  • Integrate all evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences
  • Evaluate the practice decision or change
  • Share the outcomes

Outcome Correct Answer(s) healing, looks better Time Correct Answer(s) 6 months to a year

  1. List examples of sources for evidence to justify interventions. Correct Answer(s) Sources of Evidence
  • Scientific journals
  • Research Studies
  • Non-research evidence
  • Expert opinion
  • Clinical Guidelines
  • Standards of Care
  • Agency policy and procedure manuals
  • Quality improvement data
  • Expertise of health care professionals
  1. Define "peer-reviewed". Correct Answer(s) is reviewed by experts on that content area
  2. Discuss^ why^ it^ is^ important^ to^ use^ only^ peer-reviewed^ journals^ for^ scholarly writing and research. Correct Answer(s)
  3. Discuss the usefulness of scientific literature databases such as Medline, CINAHL, and OVID. Correct Answer(s)
  4. Identify the meaning of the acronym Correct Answer(s) CINAHL. Correct Answer(s) Cumulative Index to the Nursing & Allied Health Literature
  5. *****Discuss the relevance of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Re- views. Correct Answer(s)** Cochrane is a collection of research databases for health care.

This collection includes the Cochrane Reviews, which are systematic reviews and meta- analyses that interpret the result of medical research.

  1. Discuss the relevance of the National Guidelines Clearinghouse. Correct Answer(s) (NGC) is a database of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and related documents. It is maintained as a public resource by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The NGC aims to provide physicians, nurses, and other health professionals, health care providers, health plans, integrated delivery systems, purchasers and others an accessible mechanism for obtaining objective, detailed information on clinical practice guidelines and to further their dissemination, implementation and use. The database is updated weekly with new and revised guidelines. The currency of all guidelines is verified annually through NGC's Annual Verification process.
  2. List the Hierarchy of Evidence. Correct Answer(s) Hierarchy of Evidence /Strength or level of evidence may be classified with the following numbers Correct Answer(s) (strongest evidence at the top) Correct Answer(s)
  3. ***Systematic reviews or meta-analysis of RCT's & Evidence based clinical guidelines (The best evidence because some expert has already gathered all the