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Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1, Exams of Nursing

The fundamentals of nursing, including benner's stages of nursing proficiency, the american nurses association (ana) and international council of nurses definitions of nursing, the ana standards of nursing practice and professional performance, the nursing code of ethics, career development in nursing, the contributions of florence nightingale, the institute of medicine (iom) report on transforming nursing, the health services pyramid, long-term care settings, community health nursing, nursing theory, the relationship between evidence-based practice (ebp), research, and quality improvement (qi), the patient's perspective of caring, standards of care, informed consent, and risks for injury and healthcare-associated infections in older patients. A comprehensive overview of the key concepts and principles in nursing practice.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 07/29/2024

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Fundamentals of nursing Exam 1 (1,2,3,4,7,10,22,23,27,29,30,41)
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1. Benner's stages of
nursing proficiency:
2. American Nurses
Asso- ciation (ANA)
definition of nursing:
(1)
3. The International Coun-
cil of Nurses definition
of nursing: (1)
4. ANA standards of
nurs- ing practice (1)
5. ANA Standards of
Pro- fessional
Performance (1)
ØNovice
ØAdvanced
beginner
ØCompetent
ØProficient
ØExpert
Nursing is the protection, promotion,
and opti- mization of health and abilities;
prevention of ill- ness and injury;
alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human
response; and advocacy in the care of
individuals, families, communities, and
populations.
Nursing encompasses autonomous and
collab- orative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups, and communities, sick or
well, and in all settings. Nursing includes the
promotion of health; prevention of illness;
and the care of ill, disabled, and dying
people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe
environment, research, participation in
shaping health policy and in patient and
health systems management, and education
are also key nursing roles.
Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcomes
identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
1.Ethics
2.Education
3.Evidence-Based Practice and Research
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  1. Benner's stages of nursing proficiency:
  2. American Nurses Asso- ciation (ANA) definition of nursing: (1)
  3. The International Coun- cil of Nurses definition of nursing: (1)
  4. ANA standards of nurs- ing practice (1)
  5. ANA Standards of Pro- fessional Performance (1) ØNovice ØAdvanced beginner ØCompetent ØProficient ØExpert - Nursing is the protection, promotion, and opti- mization of health and abilities; prevention of ill- ness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Nursing encompasses autonomous and collab- orative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles. Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Evaluation 1.Ethics 2.Education 3.Evidence-Based Practice and Research

2 / 51 4.Quality of Practice 5.Communication 6.Leadership 7.Collaboration 8.Professional Practice Evaluation

4 / 51 environment for collaborative patient- centered care to provide safe, quality care with positive patient outcomes.

  1. Career Development (1) Provider of care Advanced practice registered nurses

5 / 51 ØClinical nurse specialist ØCertified nurse practitioner ØCertified nurse midwife ØCertified registered nurse anesthetist Nurse educator Nurse administrator Nurse researcher

  1. Florence Nightingale (1) First practicing epidemiologist Organized first school of nursing Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals Practices remain a basic part of nursing today
  2. QSEN (1) •QSEN addresses the challenge to prepare nurs- es with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work envi- ronments. The QSEN initiative encompasses the competencies of patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, qual- ity improvement, safety, and informatics.
  3. Challenges to Health Care (2)
  4. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2)
  5. According to the IOM re- port (IOM, 2011), nurses need to be transformed by (2)
    • Challenges to health care leaders today include reducing health care costs while maintaining high-quality care for patients, improving access and coverage for more people, and encouraging healthy behaviors.
    • calls for a health care delivery system that is safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, and equitable.
    • Practicing to the full extent of their education and training.
    • Achieving higher levels of education

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  1. Professional standards review organizations (PSROs) (2)
  2. Utilization review (UR) committees (2)
  3. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2)
  4. Emphasis on Population Wellness (2)
  5. Preventive and Primary Health Care (2)
  6. Secondary and Tertiary Care (2)

8 / 51 structure for effective workforce planning and pol- icy making.

  • Created to review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care provided through Medicare and Medicaid
  • Review admissions, diagnostic testing, and treat- ments ordered by physicians who cared for pa- tients receiving Medicare ØAccess to health care for all ØReduci ng costs ØImprov ing quality ØProvisi ons include
  • Insurance industry reforms
  • Increased funding for public programs
  • Improved coverage for children Health Services Pyramid ØManaging health instead of illness ØEmphasis on wellness ØInjury-prevention programs Preventive Care ØReduces and controls risk factors for disease Primary care ØFocuses on improved health outcomes ØRequires collaboration Focus: Diagnosis and treatment of disease Disease management is the most common and expensive service of the health care delivery sys-

10 / 51 Available within institutional settings or in the home: ØNursing centers or facilities ØAssisted living ØRespite care

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  1. Continuing Care: Nurs- ing Centers or Facilities (2)
  2. Continuing Care: Assist- ed Living (2)
  3. Continuing Care: Respite Care (2)
  4. Continuing Care: Adult Day Care Centers (2)
  5. Continuing Care: Hos- pice (2) ØAdult day care centers ØHospice Provide 24-hour intermediate and custodial care ØNursing, rehabilitation, diet, social, recreational, and religious services ØResidents of any age with chronic or debilitating illness Regulated by standards: Omnibus Budget Recon- ciliation Act of 1987 Long-term care setting Home environment Greater resident autonomy No fee caps Respite care provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individ- ual who is ill, disabled, or frail. Settings include home, day care, or health care institution with overnight care. Trained volunteers enable family caregivers to leave the home for errands or social time. Provide a variety of health and social services to specific patient populations who live alone or with family in the community May be associated with a hospital or nursing home or may operate independently Family centered care that allows patients to live with comfort, independence, and dignity while easing the pains of terminal illness. Focuses on palliative (not curative) care

13 / 51 tors patient outcomes ØPrimary care providers function as the hub of the PCMH

  1. Quality and Perfor- Quality data mance Improvement (2) ØQuality improvement (QI) ØPerformance improvement (PI) Quality improvement programs Models ØPatient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) ØSix Sigma or Lean ØRapid-cycle improvement or rapid- improvement event (RIE)
  2. Community-Based A model of care to reach all in a community Health Care (3) ØFocuses on helping individuals and communi- ties to create a healthy living environment Occurs outside of traditional health care facilities
  3. Focus of Communi- Health promotion, disease prevention, and ty-Based Nursing (3) restorative care
  4. Social Determinants of Biology and genetics Health (3) Individual behavior Social environment Physical environment Health services
  5. Health Disparities (3) Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve opti- mal health that are experienced by socially disad- vantaged populations
  6. Community health nurs- ØNursing practice in the community ing (3) ØPrimary focus: health care of individuals, fami-

14 / 51 lies, and groups within the community ØGoal: preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health

16 / 51 health problems and choose appropriate courses of ac- tion to solve those problems.

  1. As an educator (3) a nurse has the opportunity to work with single individuals and groups of patients. Prenatal class- es, infant care, child safety, and cancer screening are just some of the health education programs provided by nurses in the community practice

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  1. As an epidemiologist (3) a nurse is involved in case finding, health teach- ing, and tracking incident rates of an illness. Nurse epidemiologists protect the level of health of the community, develop sensitivity to changes in the health status of the community, and help identify the cause of these changes.
  2. Theory (4) Helps explain an event by ØDefining ideas or concepts ØExplaining relationships among the concepts ØPredicting outcomes Nursing theory ØIs a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing ØDescribes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care (•The science of nursing is based on data ob- tained from current research. The art of nursing stems from a nurse's expe- rience and the unique caring relationship thata nurse develops with a patient)
  3. phenomena (4) •^ Nursing theories focus on the phenomena of nursing and nursing care. A phenomenon is the term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situa- tions.
  4. Components of a Theo- ry(4) Phenomenon Concepts Definitions ØTheoretical/ conceptual ØOperational Assumptions
  5. The domain (4) The domain is the perspective or territory

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  1. paradigm and conceptu- al framework (4)
  2. Nursing metaparadigm (4)
    • A paradigm is a pattern of beliefs used to de- scribe the domain of a discipline. It links the con- cepts, theories, beliefs, values, and assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline.
    • Often used synonymously with paradigm is the term conceptual framework. A conceptual frame- work provides a way to organize major concepts and visualize the relationship among phenomena. Different frameworks provide alternative ways to view the subject matter of a discipline and repre- sent the perspective of the author. ØPerso n ØHealt h ØEnvironment/Situation ØNursing
  3. Types of Theory (4) Grand: Broad in scope, complex Middle-range: Limited in scope and less abstract Practice: Narrow in scope and focus Descriptive: Describe phenomena and identify cir- cumstances in which phenomena occur Prescriptive: Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences
  4. Theory-Based Nursing Practice (4) Theory generates nursing knowledge for use in practice, thus supporting evidence-based prac- tice (EBP).

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  1. Shared Theories (4) Explain a phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory Also known as a borrowed or interdisciplinary the- ory
  2. Systems Theories (4)