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An in-depth exploration of optics, focusing on the concepts of positive and negative lenses, their properties, and the formation of real and virtual images. It covers the behavior of rays passing through a lens, the concept of focal plane, and the impact of underwater environments on lens functionality.
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^
An object moved far to theleft approaches a parallel raysource.^ •^
s^ = o^
∞.
^
The image approaches thefocal point
f^ of the lens.
2 1
n f
s^ o
R^2
R^1
f
object
image
^
A biconcave lens is anegative lens.•^
Both terms are negative
-^
R^1
< 0 and
R^2
0
-^
Diverging lens
-^
Focal length is negative
2 1
n
f
s^ o
R^1
R^2
f
object
image
^
Parallel rays may enter thelens at a small angle.•^
Focal points on a line
^
This defines the focal plane.
s^ o
R^2
R^1
f
object
image
Rays through a converging lens can meet at a focalplane and form a real image.•
Object between
f^ and
2 f
from the lens forms past
2 f
on far side
-^
Screen elsewhere has blurred image
Thin lensequation
f s s^
i o
Rays through a diverging lens create no real image.•
Virtual image from apparent origin• Focal length and image point are negative
next
f s s^
i o