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FNP 1 EXAM STUDY GUIDE FOR NURS 5432 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
"Premature Infants - CORRECT ANSWER Immunization schedule based on chronological age."
"Live Virus Vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Contraindicated in immunocompromised children."
"Neomycin Allergy - CORRECT ANSWER Avoid MMR, IPV, VAR in allergic children."
"Egg Allergy - CORRECT ANSWER Influenza vaccine can be given with precautions."
"Developmental Control - CORRECT ANSWER Head control by 3 months; sitting by 6 months."
"Pincer Grasp - CORRECT ANSWER Develops between 8-10 months of age."
"Bartholin's gland cyst management - CORRECT ANSWER Incision and drainage; word
catheter for 4-6 weeks."
"PALM-COEIN - CORRECT ANSWER Acronym for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding."
"A1c/OGTT - CORRECT ANSWER Tests for diabetes; OGTT preferred for obesity."
"Metabolic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Cluster of conditions increasing heart disease risk."
"Weight reduction - CORRECT ANSWER 10% loss improves insulin and menstrual function."
"Non-hormonal medications - CORRECT ANSWER Alternatives for managing menopause
symptoms without hormones."
"Gabapentin - CORRECT ANSWER Medication used for hot flashes in menopause."
"Clonidine - CORRECT ANSWER Medication for mild hot flashes, less effective than SSRIs."
"Active liver disease - CORRECT ANSWER Higher estrogen doses may induce gallbladder
disease."
"Genitourinary Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Includes vulvar/vaginal atrophy symptoms."
"Topical estrogen therapy - CORRECT ANSWER Reverses vaginal atrophy, enhances blood
flow."
"Ospemifene - CORRECT ANSWER SERM for moderate to severe dyspareunia."
"Estrogen and progesterone use - CORRECT ANSWER Depends on history of hysterectomy."
"Fibroadenoma - CORRECT ANSWER Benign breast mass, smooth and rubbery."
"Pregnancy trimesters - CORRECT ANSWER First: 0-12 weeks; Second: 13-27 weeks."
"Fetal heart tones - CORRECT ANSWER Typically detected around 10-12 weeks."
"Fundal height measurement - CORRECT ANSWER Palpable at umbilicus by 20 weeks."
"Folic acid during pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER 0.4mg/day reduces neural tube defect risk."
"Folic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER 0.4mg/day reduces neural tube defect risk."
"Tylenol - CORRECT ANSWER Safe pain relief medication during pregnancy."
"COVID-19 Vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER Recommended during pregnancy for protection."
"Quad Testing - CORRECT ANSWER Assesses trisomy and neural tube defects."
"Ankle Edema - CORRECT ANSWER Increased venous pressure causes swelling."
"Back Pain - CORRECT ANSWER Caused by uterine weight and relaxin hormone."
"Round Ligament Pain - CORRECT ANSWER Stretching ligaments due to uterine enlargement."
"Zofran - CORRECT ANSWER Medication with no added benefit over promethazine."
"Methylprednisolone - CORRECT ANSWER Caution in early pregnancy; may cause clefts."
"Fluid intake recommendation - CORRECT ANSWER 10 glasses of water daily for hydration."
"Caffeine effects - CORRECT ANSWER Irritates bladder; limit during pregnancy."
"Caloric intake - CORRECT ANSWER Higher than those of non-lactating women."
"Caloric intake (first 6 mo) - CORRECT ANSWER Need an extra 500 kcal/day."
"Caloric intake (after 6 mo) - CORRECT ANSWER 400 kcal/day until weaning."
"Caloric intake for breastfeeding women - CORRECT ANSWER 1900 to 2500 kcal/day."
"Protein requirement - CORRECT ANSWER 1.3 grams/kg of body weight per day."
"Hydration - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid intake of 700-800 mL/day above the recommended
adult intake (2-3 L/day)."
"Vitamins + minerals - CORRECT ANSWER Mother may need these supplemented to ensure
adequate levels in breastmilk."
"Complications of Down Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Severe malformations including
cardiac malformations (ASD), endocrine abnormalities, esophageal/duodenal atresia, and hearing/vision impairment."
"Down Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Aka trisomy 21 - has 3rd chromosome at
chromosome; occurs in 1:660 live births."
"Klinefelter's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Most common sex-related abnormality,
occurring in 1/1,000 live births; characterized by an extra copy of X-chromosome (XXY) in biologically male individuals."
"Turner's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Completely or partially missing X-chromosome, will
be XO karyotype (45,X); affects females."
"Marfan's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Connective tissue disorder affecting skeletal,
cardiac, ophthalmic systems, and pulmonary; characterized by tall stature and joint hypermobility."
"Fragile X Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Characterized by 'FMR1 expansion' on X
chromosome; leads to intellectual disability and delayed speech."
"Cryptorchidism - CORRECT ANSWER Undescended testicle, of one or both testicles into
scrotum; risk is increased with <28 weeks gestation."
"Epididymitis - CORRECT ANSWER Acute inflammatory infection typically presenting with
unilateral scrotal pain and edema."
"Hydrocele - CORRECT ANSWER Collection of peritoneal fluid within scrotum, resulting in
generalized swelling."
"Management of Klinefelter's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Pharmacological management
includes testosterone replacement therapy."
"Management of Turner's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Prenatal ultrasound to assess for
presence of cardiac or renal abnormalities."
"Management of Marfan's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Treatment includes beta blockers
for impulse control and losartan to regulate FBN1-beta function."
"Signs of Down Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Phenotypical characteristics include moderate
to severe mental retardation, distinct physical features."
"Assessment for Klinefelter's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Tall stature, rounded bodies,
hypogonadism, and personality impairment."
"Assessment for Turner's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Congenital lymphedema, webbed
neck, and short stature."
"Assessment for Marfan's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Tall stature with arm span
exceeding height, joint hypermobility, and scoliosis."
"Cremasteric reflex - CORRECT ANSWER Scrotum lifts when thigh is stimulated."
"Hypospadias - CORRECT ANSWER Urethral opening on ventral surface of penis."
"Phimosis - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to retract foreskin from penis."
"BPH - CORRECT ANSWER Benign prostatic hyperplasia; common in older men."
"PSA levels - CORRECT ANSWER Normal <4ng/mL; indicates disease if elevated."
"Alpha-1 antagonists - CORRECT ANSWER First-line treatment for moderate to severe BPH."
"5-alpha-reductase inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER Reduce prostate size by blocking
testosterone conversion."
"Prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammatory infection of the prostate."
"Acute bacterial prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWER Typically caused by gram-negative bacteria."
"NSAIDs for prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWER Provide analgesia for prostate inflammation."
"Sitz bath - CORRECT ANSWER Relieves pain and spasms in prostatitis."
"Fluoroquinolones - CORRECT ANSWER First-line antibiotics for acute bacterial prostatitis."
"Chronic pain in spermatocele - CORRECT ANSWER Minority of patients may experience
discomfort."
"Doppler ultrasound - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnostic tool for assessing varicocele."
"Referral to urologist - CORRECT ANSWER Necessary for surgical intervention in severe
cases."
"Oflaxacin - CORRECT ANSWER A fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for bacterial infections."
"Norfloxacin - CORRECT ANSWER Another fluoroquinolone antibiotic, similar to oflaxacin."
"Ceftriaxone - CORRECT ANSWER 500mg IM for STI treatment, often increased to 1gm."
"Doxycycline - CORRECT ANSWER 100mg BID for 1 month in STI management."
"Chronic ABP - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bacterial prostatitis requiring 4-12 weeks
treatment."
"Macrolide - CORRECT ANSWER Azithromycin used for intracellular pathogens like
chlamydia."
"PSA - CORRECT ANSWER Prostate-specific antigen; >4ng/mL is abnormal."
"Prostate Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER 2nd most common cancer in men, often
asymptomatic."
"Needle Biopsy - CORRECT ANSWER Definitive method to diagnose prostate cancer."
"Testicular Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER Germ cell tumors, often presenting as unilateral
masses."
"Alpha-fetoprotein - CORRECT ANSWER >25mcg/L indicates possible testicular cancer."
"Beta-HCG - CORRECT ANSWER >7 indicates possible testicular cancer."
"Erectile Dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to achieve or maintain an erection."
"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER Medications for ED; contraindicated with
nitrates."
"Bacterial Vaginosis - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of normal vaginal flora, not always an STI."
"Amsel's Criteria - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis."
"Chlamydia - CORRECT ANSWER Most common STI in the US, often asymptomatic."
"NAAT - CORRECT ANSWER Nucleic acid amplification test; gold standard for chlamydia."
"TP-PA - CORRECT ANSWER Treponemal test confirming syphilis diagnosis."
"Flagyl for Trichomoniasis - CORRECT ANSWER 500mg BID for 7 days in women."
"Trichomonas vaginalis - CORRECT ANSWER Protozoan causing trichomoniasis, a common
STI."
"Wet prep - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnostic test identifying motile trichomonads."
"Geriatrics - CORRECT ANSWER Study of health care for older adults."
"BEERS Criteria - CORRECT ANSWER Guidelines for avoiding inappropriate medications in
elderly."
"Mini Mental Status Examination - CORRECT ANSWER Tool for assessing cognitive function in
geriatrics."
"Urinary incontinence assessment - CORRECT ANSWER Two questions to evaluate loss of
bladder control."
"Shingrix - CORRECT ANSWER Vaccine for shingles, given in two doses."
"Advanced Directive - CORRECT ANSWER Document outlining patient's healthcare
preferences."
"Delirium - CORRECT ANSWER Acute confusion with fluctuating attention and perception."
"Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic cognitive decline affecting daily functioning."
"Cognitive decline - CORRECT ANSWER Significant impairment in one or more cognitive
domains."
"Fall risk assessment - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluate history of falls to prevent future
incidents."
"Functional Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluation of daily living activities in elderly."
"PHQ-2 - CORRECT ANSWER Screening tool for depression in older adults."
"Cognitive deficits - CORRECT ANSWER Impairments not solely linked to delirium."
"Chronic cognitive impairment - CORRECT ANSWER Progressive decline in cognitive abilities
over time."
"Learning and memory - CORRECT ANSWER Key cognitive functions affected in dementia."
"Language difficulties - CORRECT ANSWER Challenges in speaking clearly and understanding
language."
"Social cognitive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER Struggles with unexpected social situations."
"Complex task handling - CORRECT ANSWER Difficulty managing intricate or multi-step
activities."
"Executive functioning - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive processes for decision making."
"Spatial ability - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to navigate familiar environments."
"Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWER Most common dementia, affecting 80% of cases."
"Vascular dementia - CORRECT ANSWER Second most common, linked to cerebrovascular
disease."
"Dementia with Lewy bodies - CORRECT ANSWER Less than 5% of dementia cases, involves
protein deposits."
"Pseudodementia - CORRECT ANSWER Depression mimicking dementia symptoms, <5% of
cases."
"Differentials for dementia - CORRECT ANSWER Conditions like normal aging and depression."
"Baseline labs for diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER CBC, CMP, RPR, TSH, CT, MRI to rule out
causes."
"B12 deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Can cause agitation, weakness, and balance issues."
"Renal function decline - CORRECT ANSWER 1% decrease per year after age 30."
"Creatinine clearance - CORRECT ANSWER Preferred method to assess renal function in
geriatrics."
"Cockcroft-Gault equation - CORRECT ANSWER Formula for estimating creatinine clearance."
"Serum BUN levels - CORRECT ANSWER Requires adequate protein intake for accuracy."
"Serum creatinine levels - CORRECT ANSWER Depends on adequate muscle mass for
accuracy."
"Pharmacodynamic changes - CORRECT ANSWER Altered drug sensitivity due to receptor
changes."
"Warfarin - CORRECT ANSWER Anticoagulant affected by pharmacodynamic changes."
"CNS depressants - CORRECT ANSWER Medications with altered sensitivity in geriatrics."
"Beta blockers - CORRECT ANSWER Less effective due to reduced receptor affinity."
"Beers criteria - CORRECT ANSWER Guidelines for inappropriate medications in older adults."
"STOPP/START - CORRECT ANSWER Screening tools for medication appropriateness."
"Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) - CORRECT ANSWER Ten-question tool assessing
medication necessity."
"Deprescribing - CORRECT ANSWER Process of discontinuing unnecessary medications."
"Fragmented care - CORRECT ANSWER Disjointed healthcare affecting medication
management."
"Patient hesitancy - CORRECT ANSWER Reluctance to stop long-term medications."
"Withdrawal symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Potential adverse effects from stopping
medications."
"Unintentional nonadherence - CORRECT ANSWER Failure to follow medication regimen
unintentionally."
"Intentional nonadherence - CORRECT ANSWER Deliberate choice to not take medications."
"Rotavirus - CORRECT ANSWER Most common gastroenteritis pathogen in infants."
"Norovirus - CORRECT ANSWER Common adult gastroenteritis causative agent."
"Salmonella - CORRECT ANSWER Most common foodborne illness in the US."
"Tenesmus - CORRECT ANSWER Strong urge to defecate due to spasm."
"CBC - CORRECT ANSWER Blood test showing leukocytosis in infections."
"Rehydration - CORRECT ANSWER Key management for mild to moderate dehydration."
"Antiemetics - CORRECT ANSWER Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting."
"C. Diff - CORRECT ANSWER Causes severe diarrhea, often after antibiotics."
"Macrolide antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER Used for treating Shigella and Salmonella
infections."
"H2 blockers - CORRECT ANSWER First-line treatment for GERD management."
"PPI - CORRECT ANSWER Proton pump inhibitors for GERD treatment."
"Constipation - CORRECT ANSWER Less than three bowel movements per week."
"Hirschsprung disease - CORRECT ANSWER Causes newborn intestinal obstructions."
"Fiber supplements - CORRECT ANSWER Recommended for constipation prevention."
"BRAT diet - CORRECT ANSWER No longer recommended for diarrhea management."
"Daily reminders - CORRECT ANSWER Aid for promoting medication adherence."
"Babbling - CORRECT ANSWER Peaks at 12 months; begins word usage."
"Expressive Vocabulary - CORRECT ANSWER Expands significantly from 12 to 24 months."
"Speech Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER 100% comprehension by kindergarten age."
"Hospitalized Children - CORRECT ANSWER Vaccination deferred until post-discharge."
"Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Contraindicates RV vaccines in
infants."
"Gastroenteritis - CORRECT ANSWER Vaccination deferred in acute moderate or severe
cases."
"PAP test - CORRECT ANSWER Screening for cervical cancer; first at age 21."
"HPV testing - CORRECT ANSWER Determines subtype of human papillomavirus."
"Colposcopy - CORRECT ANSWER Examination of cervix after abnormal PAP results."
"Vaginal candidiasis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Topical or oral antifungals like
Clotrimazole."
"Polyp - CORRECT ANSWER Benign growth in the uterine lining."
"Adenomyosis - CORRECT ANSWER Endometrial tissue grows into uterine muscle."
"Leiomyoma - CORRECT ANSWER Benign smooth muscle tumors in premenopausal women."
"Coagulopathy - CORRECT ANSWER Blood disorder causing abnormal bleeding."
"Ovulatory dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER Irregular ovulation leading to menstrual issues."
"Endometrial - CORRECT ANSWER Referring to the uterine lining."
"Iatrogenic - CORRECT ANSWER Caused by medical treatment or device."
"PCOS - CORRECT ANSWER Polycystic ovarian syndrome; hormonal imbalance."
"Androgen excess - CORRECT ANSWER High levels of male hormones in females."
"Insulin resistance - CORRECT ANSWER Body's cells do not respond to insulin."
"DHEA-S - CORRECT ANSWER Hormone indicating adrenal function; elevated in PCOS."
"TSH - CORRECT ANSWER Thyroid-stimulating hormone; assesses thyroid function."
"Combined hormonal contraceptives - CORRECT ANSWER First-line for managing PCOS
symptoms."
"Letrozole - CORRECT ANSWER First-line medication for ovarian stimulation."
"Vulvovaginal candidiasis - CORRECT ANSWER Fungal infection; may have satellite lesions."
"Labial adhesions - CORRECT ANSWER Common condition in 20% of females."
"Diflucan - CORRECT ANSWER Oral antifungal for treating candidiasis."
"Menstrual irregularity - CORRECT ANSWER Varied menstrual cycles; includes amenorrhea."
"Hirsutism - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive hair growth in females; male patterns."
"Ovarian morphology - CORRECT ANSWER Presence of cysts in ovaries; PCOS indicator."
"Satellite lesions - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary skin lesions often associated with
infections."
"PO ABX - CORRECT ANSWER Oral antibiotics that may disrupt normal flora."
"Terazole - CORRECT ANSWER Topical treatment effective for all yeast types."
"Atrophic vaginitis - CORRECT ANSWER Vaginal tissue thinning due to estrogen deficiency."
"Topical estrogen - CORRECT ANSWER Cream or tablets used to treat vaginal atrophy."
"Vulvar lichen sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic skin condition, often in older women."
"Perimenopause - CORRECT ANSWER Transition phase leading to menopause, lasts years."
"DEXA scan - CORRECT ANSWER Bone density test to diagnose osteoporosis."
"Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - CORRECT ANSWER Treatment to alleviate
menopausal symptoms with hormones."
"Breast cancer risk - CORRECT ANSWER Increased risk associated with long-term hormone
therapy."
"VTE - CORRECT ANSWER Venous thromboembolism, a risk with hormone therapy."
"Short term use - CORRECT ANSWER Increases CVD, cancer, VTE risks long term."
"Tailored therapy - CORRECT ANSWER Achieve lowest dose for shortest duration."
"Menopause onset - CORRECT ANSWER Introduce therapy early for better risk/benefit."
"Absolute contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER None for hormone replacement therapy."
"Estrogen-dependent malignancies - CORRECT ANSWER Includes breast, ovarian, and uterine
cancers."
"Unexplained uterine bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER Requires evaluation before hormone
therapy."
"History of VTE/CVA - CORRECT ANSWER Higher estrogen doses cause hypercoagulability."
"Coronary artery disease (CAD) - CORRECT ANSWER Avoid estrogen for cardio-protective
benefits."
"Complex fibroadenoma - CORRECT ANSWER Includes cysts >3mm, sclerosing adenosis."
"Fine needle aspiration biopsy - CORRECT ANSWER Used to rule out cancer in masses."
"Fibrocystic breast disease - CORRECT ANSWER Common in premenopausal women, includes
cysts."
"Nipple discharge - CORRECT ANSWER Typically benign, requires surgical referral."
"Galactorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER Physiologic discharge; check TSH and prolactin."
"Breast cancer risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER Includes familial link, dense tissue, obesity."
"Mammogram screening recommendations - CORRECT ANSWER USPSTF: 50-74 biennial;
ACS: 45 annually."
"SERMs - CORRECT ANSWER Tamoxifen and Raloxifene for breast cancer."
"Ovarian cancer risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER Includes family history and BRCA mutations."
"CA-125 tumor marker - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated in 90% of malignant nonmucinous
tumors."
"Embryonic Period - CORRECT ANSWER Weeks 3-8; critical for organ development."
"Fetal Period - CORRECT ANSWER Week 9 to delivery; functions can be disrupted."
"Quinolones - CORRECT ANSWER Antibiotics like ciprofloxacin affect fetal bone growth."
"Prenatal Visits - CORRECT ANSWER Scheduled regularly throughout pregnancy for
monitoring."
"First Trimester Testing - CORRECT ANSWER Includes STD testing and typical blood work."
"Amniocentesis - CORRECT ANSWER Performed 15-20 weeks for chromosomal
abnormalities."
"Weight Gain Guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER Normal BMI: 25-35 pounds for single
pregnancy."
"ACE Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER Category C; can cause fetal death."
"Inactivated Vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Safe to administer during pregnancy."
"Live Attenuated Vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Should not be given during pregnancy."
"Flu Vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER Inactivated; safe during pregnancy."
