Download Fitzgerald PMHNP QUESTION AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Fitzgerald PMHNP QUESTION AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT 2025
Theory - self-actualization - correct answer ✔Maslow Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) - correct answer ✔The risk in a control group minus the risk in a treatment group The concomitant use of MAOIs and St. John's wort can lead to - correct answer ✔serotonin syndrome Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) - correct answer ✔The percentage of risk removed by the treatment True randomization sample - correct answer ✔no bias in sample selection Stratified sample - correct answer ✔a selective reproduction of the population non-probability sampling - correct answer ✔a sampling technique in which there is no way to calculate the likelihood that a specific element of the population being studied will be chosen Reliability - correct answer ✔the concept that results can be repeated and are not just a fluke
Validity - correct answer ✔The results indicate what the researcher thinks they indicate Internal validity - correct answer ✔includes research design and steps of the scientific method External validity - correct answer ✔includes assessment of the interference's or causal relationship Retrospective study - correct answer ✔existing data are analyzed, either qualitatively or quantitatively Veracity - correct answer ✔The healthcare provider must be truthful and avoid deception LACE Essentials - correct answer ✔Licensure Accreditation Certification Education Licensure - correct answer ✔granting of authority to practice Primary prevention - correct answer ✔-preventing the health problem -most cost-effective form of healthcare -immunizations Secondary prevention - correct answer ✔-detecting the disease
Cerebellum effects of damage - correct answer ✔damage can cause ataxia, tremors, emotional blunting, and lack of inhibition cerebellum specific psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔autism and ADHD, depression, bipolar do, schizophrenia The emotional brain - correct answer ✔The Limbic System The Limbic system major structures - correct answer ✔Amygdala, Hippocampus Amygdala key functions - correct answer ✔Regulates basic, powerful emotions: fear, rage, sexual desire Amygdala effects of damage - correct answer ✔Irritability, anger, aggression Amygdala specific psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔PTSD, panic do, depression, autism, and schizophrenia Hippocampus key functions - correct answer ✔Involved in memory and converting short-term memory into long-term memory, learning Hippocampus effects of damage - correct answer ✔Impaired memory and attention Hippocampus specific psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔PTSD, Alzheimer's, dementia, and major depression
Thalamus key functions - correct answer ✔-relay station that connects the cortex to the limbic system for sensory information -Influences affect, mood, and body movements associated with strong emotion Thalamus effects of damage - correct answer ✔impairment when people are overwhelmed with information Thalamus specific psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔Schizophrenia, PTSD, memory problems Hypothalamus key functions - correct answer ✔maintains homeostasis, controls basic needs (eating, drinking, temperature regulation, sleep-wake cycle) Hypothalamus specific psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔Depression, anorexia, violence Hypothalamus effects of damage - correct answer ✔disturbed sleep, eating, changes in body temperature, emotional instability Cerebral Cortex - correct answer ✔frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe The thinking brain - correct answer ✔Cerebral cortex
-Involved w/processing tactile and preprioceptive information, comprehension of language parietal lobe effects of damage - correct answer ✔trouble recognizing familiar people, objects, or surroundings parietal lobe psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia occipital lobe key functions - correct answer ✔vision and visual memory, language formation occipital lobe effects of damage - correct answer ✔vision loss, visual hallucination occipital lobe psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔blindness, color blindness temporal lobe key functions - correct answer ✔-receives and processes auditory information -provides emotional context to memories temporal lobe psychiatric conditions - correct answer ✔auditory hallucinations in depression, mania, and schizophrenia temporal lobe effects of damage - correct answer ✔fear, anxiety, rage, paranoia
dopamine pathways - correct answer ✔Nigrostriatal tract Mesolimbic tract Mesocortical tract Tuberoinfundibular tract dopamine dietary precursor - correct answer ✔Tyrosine mesolimbic dopamine pathway - correct answer ✔-reward pathway -associated w/mood disorders, psychoses, drug abuse, and positive symptoms of schizophrenia Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway - correct answer ✔voluntary and involuntary movements mesocortical dopamine pathway - correct answer ✔cognition, planning and behavior Tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway - correct answer ✔Extends to the pituitary where prolactin is regulated 5 dopamine receptors - correct answer ✔D1, D2, D3, D4, D D-1-like dopamine receptor family - correct answer ✔-D1 and D -stimulate adenyl cyclase activity D-2-like dopamine receptor family - correct answer ✔-D2, D3, D
epinephrine - correct answer ✔found mostly in the peripheral nervous system Noradrenergic system function - correct answer ✔attention, focus, vigilance, fight or flight response, learning, speeds up heart rate noradrenergic pathways - correct answer ✔the neurons supply the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (anxiety and worry) noradrenergic system dysregulation - correct answer ✔may occur w/early childhood maltreatment noradrenergic system dysregulation implications - correct answer ✔mood disorders, generalized anxiety, ADHD, panic do, PTSD What neurotransmitters to psychostimulants medications used w/ADHD do? - correct answer ✔increase levels of NE and DA Serotonin (5-HT) dietary precursor - correct answer ✔Tryptophan Serotonin (5-HT) - correct answer ✔calming neurotransmitter Serotonin (5-HT) is the precursor to what? - correct answer ✔melatonin 90% of serotonin is found where? - correct answer ✔the gut
Serotonin (5-HT) affects what? - correct answer ✔sleep, reduces aggression, and inhibits behavior Serotonin (5-HT) dysregulation results in what? - correct answer ✔irritability, hostility, sleep dysregulation, anxiety, depression, sexual desire Histamine does what? - correct answer ✔modulates arousal, wakefulness, feeding behavior, and neuroendocrine responsiveness How many receptor subtypes for Histamine - correct answer ✔ 4 -H1, H2, H3, H Histamines can be - correct answer ✔excitatory or inhibitory Glutamate is found where? - correct answer ✔throughout the brain Glutamate is a(n)__________neurotransmitter? - correct answer ✔Excitatory What neurotransmitter is the precursor to GABA? - correct answer ✔Glutamate Glutamate dysregulation - correct answer ✔associated with epilepsy, schizophrenia, and depression What is the major receptor of glutamate? - correct answer ✔NMDA
Serotonin medications - correct answer ✔Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine Norepinephrine medications - correct answer ✔Venlafaxine, Methylphenidate, Bupropion Dopamine medications - correct answer ✔methylphenidate, antipsychotics, bupropion Women's early warning symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction - prior to event - correct answer ✔Unusual Fatigue (70%) Sleep disturbance (48%) SOB (42%) Women's early warning symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction - during event - correct answer ✔SOB (58%) Weakness (55%) Unusual fatigue (43%) Point of maximal impulse (PMI) - correct answer ✔the point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall and heart movements are most easily observed and palpated Point of maximal impulse (PMI) location - correct answer ✔5th ICS, MCL If unable to palpate PMI - correct answer ✔left lateral decubitus position enhancement
roll to L side could have thick chest wall, obesity, COPD Psychoanalytic (Freud) - correct answer ✔- theory of personality
- the conscious/unconscious mind Id - correct answer ✔From birth, pleasure principle Ego - correct answer ✔reality principle, keep id in line Superego - correct answer ✔right from wrong Psychoanalytic - stages - correct answer ✔- Oral stage (ages birth - 1 ½ )
- Anal stage (ages 1 ½ - 3) Phallic stage (ages 3 - 6)
- Latency stage (ages 6-12)
- Genital stage (adolescence) Psychodynamic - Alfred Adler - correct answer ✔-Recognized inferiority as driving force -striving for superiority -motivation is through social relatedness Existential - Viktor Frankl - correct answer ✔Stresses human existence, choice, freedom, and responsibility
Behavior theory - 3C's - correct answer ✔counter conditioning, contingency management, and cognitive behavior modification Behavioral analysis - correct answer ✔the abc model - antecedent, behavior, consequences What comes from the behavior theory - correct answer ✔assertiveness training, social skills training, communications skills training, contingency management, token economy, DBT, behavioral activation Cognitive (Ellis, Beck) - correct answer ✔-Irrational beliefs that occur in response to some triggering event that leads to negative emotions, anxiety, or depression Cognitive restructuring - correct answer ✔how to replace irrational beliefs with rational beliefs Irrational thought examples - correct answer ✔-must, should, ought to, catastrophic, over-generalizing, selective abstraction, excessive responsibility, self-references, dichotomous thinking what comes from cognitive therapy - correct answer ✔mindfulness therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy Interpersonal therapy (Klerman, Weissman) - correct answer ✔-the quality of attachment in early life bears on the quality of interpersonal relationships later -psychiatric disorders occur within an interpersonal context
EMDR (Foa, Shapiro) - correct answer ✔-theory of psychopathology less of personality, concerned with process of facilitating change -directly confronting fearful stimuli and the distressing anxiety or other emotions Use EMDR when... - correct answer ✔the information processing system is blocked by trauma Systems theory & Bowen family system therapy - correct answer ✔Individuals can only be understood within their social context Solution-focused brief therapy - correct answer ✔-people are healthy, competent, and capable of solutions -focus is on the SOLUTION, not talking about the problems Theory - stresses wholism - correct answer ✔Gestalt Theory - unconditional positive regard - correct answer ✔Person-centered Theory - Id, ego, superego - correct answer ✔Freud Theory - Based on attachment theory and Sullivan - correct answer ✔Interpersonal Theory - Logotherapy - correct answer ✔Existential
Social mental illness - Examples - correct answer ✔quality of social support, finances, employment, spiritual/religious contentedness, living arrangements/housing, family structure, disruption Piaget Cognitive Development - correct answer ✔children know/look at things differently than adults. Children develop in a series of stages. Kohlberg stages of moral reasoning - correct answer ✔Level 1. Pre- conventional Morality- Stage 1- Obedience and Punishment: behavior driven by avoiding punishment. Stage 2- Individual interest- behavior driven by self-interest and rewards Level 2. Conventional Morality- Stage 3- Interpersonal: behavior driven by social approval. Stage 4- Authority: behavior driven by obeying authority and conforming to social order Level 3. Post-conventional Morality- Stage 5- Social contract: behavior driven by balance of social order and individual rights Stage 6- Universal ethics- behavior driven by internal moral principles Attachment Theory - correct answer ✔the emotional tone between children and their caregivers, evidenced by an infant's seeking and clinging to the care giving person, usually the mother Purpose of attachment - correct answer ✔ensure closeness
-deal with emotional, environmental and physical stress -serves as a building block for identity stability 3 main types of insecure attachment - correct answer ✔1. Insecure-avoidant
- Insecure-ambivalent
- Insecure-disorganized insecure-avoidant attachment - correct answer ✔a pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver's presence, departure, or return insecure-ambivalent attachment - correct answer ✔an anxious emotional bond marked by both a desire to be with a parent or caregiver and some resistance to being reunited insecure-disorganized attachment - correct answer ✔a pattern of attachment in which an infant seems confused or apprehensive and shows contradictory behavior, such as moving toward the mother while looking away from her Problematic attachment caused by - correct answer ✔-deficient maternal care, lengthy institutionalization, primary attachment figure dies Attachment disorders linked to... - correct answer ✔non-organic failure to thrive, separation anxiety, avoidant personality do, depressive disorders, delinquency, academic problems, borderline intelligence The Oedipus complex is typically observed in children at age - correct answer ✔5 year old
