Download Term 1: Acoustics and Sound Production and more Quizzes Physics in PDF only on Docsity!
Reverberation
sound propagation by being reflected on the walls of a room multiple times TERM 2
Acoustic properties for reverberation
DEFINITION 2 Good:Liveness; inntimacy; Fullness; Clarity; Warmth; Brilliance, Texture; Blend; ensemble. Bad/ avoid: Echoes; Shadows; Resonances; external noises, double reverberation TERM 3
Sound Generation
DEFINITION 3 Human voice Instruments Wood wind saxophone, flute, pipe organ, ... Brass trumpet, french horn, ... Strings violin, cello, guitar, .. Percussion drums, xylophone TERM 4
How to make
sound
DEFINITION 4 Source of energy Sound producer Resonance chamber TERM 5
Strings instruments
DEFINITION 5 The pianoTechnically a percussion instrument One key and two or three strings per note (88 keys) spans frequencies from 27.5 HzSingle (common to all notes) soundboard, bridge Cast iron frame Inharmonicities play a big role
Brass Instruments
Sound production Rather similar for all brass instrumentsNot as much variation as for woodwinds) Buzzing of lips Bernoulli effect, like vocal folds for human speech Bell end is open, velocity antinode (pressure node) Fundamental wavelength 1= 4 LMouthpiece Bell Frequencies is not the same TERM 7
Brass Instruments
DEFINITION 7 History Animal horns, Mouthpiece and bell, middle Ages, Renaissance, 19th century (Valves), Brass Types of brass instruments Cylindrical: Trombone (slide to adjust pitch, large mouth piece), Trumpet (use valves for notes, multiple valves). Conical: French horn (long conical section now with cylindrical tubing); Cornet, flugelhorn, euphonium, tuba. TERM 8
woodwind Instruments
DEFINITION 8 History :Bamboo and pipe flutes, bagpipes (Spain, Middle east), early organs Bad tuning problems in early organs Even today temperature is very important Fipple flutes (recorder,...), capped reed instruments, ... Fingering systems Bhm fingering system (1847) TERM 9
woodwind Instruments
DEFINITION 9 Sound Production Source of vibration: Fipple flutes: air from mouth blows across a sharp edge (knife edge, lip) Reed instruments: A reed is moved back and forth by the air streaming across it through the Bernoulli effect Single reed: a single reed opens/closes against a fixed partDouble reed: two reeds open/close a space between them. Bernoulli effectis important in reed, human voice& flightimportant in reed, human voice and flight. TERM 10
Speech production
DEFINITION 10 Language: code Speech: way the code is transduced in accoustic energy. ( we need a source of energy, a sound producer, resonator and shaper)
