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FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS
APHY 101 ACTUAL EXAM 100
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
"Which statement is true concerning membrane transport? a) tight junctions carry materials from cell-to-cell avoiding membranes b) Diffusion requires a source of ATP c) Osmosis is movement of water molecules up a diffusion gradient
d) Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane - CORRECT
ANSWER=> D - Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane"
"Lipids are a poor source of stored energy. T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> F - A primary function of lipids
is long-term storage of energy." "Epithelial tissues always exhibit "polarity"; that is, they have a free, apical surface and a basal surface. T
or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Epithelial tissues are categorized by: a) morphology b) matrix type c) layering d) cellular function, whether a producer or a digester
e) both a and c - CORRECT ANSWER=> E - morphology and layering"
"The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage. T or F - CORRECT
ANSWER=> True"
"Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. a) it is composed mostly of extracellular matrix b) one major function is triglyceride storage c) mature adipose cells are highly mitotic
d) most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER=> B - Triglyceride long-term
storage is a major function"
""Granulation" is complete healing, with all damaged tissues replaced by the same type as originally present.
T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> F-
"Regeneration" is complete healing. "Granulation" is scarring. It pulls the wound together and becomes a "scar"." "The shape of the external ear is maintained by: a) adipose tissue b) elastic cartilage c) hyaline cartilage
d) fibrocartilage - CORRECT ANSWER=> B - elastic cartilage"
"Goblet cells are often found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. T or F - CORRECT
ANSWER=> True"
"Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer: a) most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant b) squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum c) basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant d) melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing
e) none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER=> D- melanomas are the least common and most often
malignant; basal cell carcinomas are slow growing, least malignant and most common; squamous cell carcinoma are 2nd most common, arise from keratinocytes in spiny layer" "Male Pattern Baldness is to sensitivity to testosterone as idiopathic alopecia is to __________________
- CORRECT ANSWER=> emotional stress in pre-adolescent/adolescent girls .... don't know the cause" "Your neighbor gets a splinter in her forearm while cleaning the yard. As you pull it out with a pair of tweezers, you see it penetrated through three layers of the epidermis. From the outside in, they are: a) basal, spiney, grainy b) cornified, clear, grainy c) basal, spiney, clear d) cornified, grainy, spiny
e) none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER=> D - cornified, grainy , spiny"
"Regardless of the "race", all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes per square inch of skin.
T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Sudoriferous (sweat) glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body. Which of the following is correct? a) Ceruminous are the most numerous, being found primarily in the axillary regions b) Apocrine glands are larger than eccrine, and empty secretions directly to the surface of the skin. c) Sebacious glands secrete oil to lubricate hairs
b) storage of minerals c) production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
d) all of the above are functions of the skeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER=> D- all of the above are
functions of the skeletal system" "Flat bones typically form in a specific sequence of primary to secondary to complete ossification that
can be seen on X-ray images. T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> False - Flat bones form through
intramembraneous ossification; this is woven bone" "Osteomalacia results when insufficient Ca++ is available to form hydroxyapatite. This can be due to either insufficient dietary calcium or to insufficient Vitamin D.
T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Osteoporosis occurs as; a) osteocytes fail to form functional osteons b) increased testosterone triggers osteocyte activity c) decreased estrogen triggers osteoclast activity d) articular cartilage expands to fill the epiphsyes of long bones
e) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER=> C- Estrogen triggers osteoclast activity"
"The master gland of the body (pituitary gland) is housed in a saddle-like depression in the sella turcica
(Turk's Saddle) T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"The major function of the intervertebral discs is to: a) absorb shock b) string the vertebrae together c) prevent injuries d) prevent hyperextension
e) none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER=> A - absorb shock"
"Primary and secondary spinal curves are both necessary for bipedalism (walking on two legs). T or F -
CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Which of the following is an abnormal, pathological change of spinal curvatures, often due to osteoporosis? a) kyphosis b) scoliosis c) lordosis d) swayback
e) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER=> A - kyphosis (humpback due to osteoporosis)"
"When a long bone heals after a fracture, a bony (hard) callus begins forming immediately after the
platelets cause a hematoma (clot). T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> False. A soft callus forms first."
"A symphysis is to fibrocartilage as a suture is to _______ - CORRECT ANSWER=> Sharpey Fibers"
"Match the following
- Flexion, extension, and abduction
- An example of an extracapsular (outside the joint capsule) ligament
- Partially torn ligament and articular capsule, releasing synovial fluid a) rotation b) dorsiflexion c) a sprain d) fibular collateral ligament
e) angular movements at the joints - CORRECT ANSWER=> 1) e
- d
- c" "The five ligaments of the knee include the: a) ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, patellar b) ACL, PCL, TCL, FCL, patellar c) ACL, PCL, MCL, FCL, patellar
d) all of the above are correct - CORRECT ANSWER=> B) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments,
fibular and tibular collateral ligaments, patellar ligament"
"Rotation is to the fingertip twisting in place, as circumduction is to ____________ - CORRECT
ANSWER=> the arm moving in a circle with the shoulder stationary"
"A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ____ joint - CORRECT ANSWER=> gomphosis"
"White blood cells attacking the cartilage are typical findings in gouty arthritis. T or F - CORRECT
ANSWER=> F- WBC attack cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis"
"If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as an inflammation of a(n): a) sesmoid bone found at a joint b) cavity within a long bone c) small sac containing synovial fluid
d) articular cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER=> C"
"The "bi" in biceps refers to the number of insertions the muscle has. T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> F -
it refers to the number of heads of origin"
"Gouty arthritis refers to __________ - CORRECT ANSWER=> the build-up of uric acid crystal in the
joint cavity"
"A "rectus" muscle pulls straight up and down T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
c) oligodendrocytes
d) astrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER=> a- ependymal cells"
"Schwann Cells myelinate axons, but only in the CNS T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> F .... they myelinate
only in the PNS" "Which of the following is not a structural feature of a single neuron? a) synaptic cleft b) Nissle bodies c) dendrites
d) axons - CORRECT ANSWER=> a) synaptic clefts are outside the neuron, not a structural feature"
"Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons, but only in the CNS.
T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n): a) axon b) dendrite c) neurilemma
d) Schwann cell - CORRECT ANSWER=> A - axon"
"The nodes of Ranvier are found only on unmyelinated, peripheral neural processes. T or F - CORRECT
ANSWER=> F - only on myelinated processes"
"The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the: a) cell body b) synapse c) receptor
d) effector - CORRECT ANSWER=> B- synapse"
"Saltatory conduction occurs when excessive salt (NaCl) builds up in the interstitial fluid. T or F -
CORRECT ANSWER=> F"
"Blood-Brain-Barrier separates CNS from the rest of the body. T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the: a) Medulla Oblongata b) Cerebellum c) Hypothalamus
d) Thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER=> C- Hypothalamus"
"Contralateral = same side function T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> F"
"The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of the meninges? a) arachnoid only b) arachnoid and pia c) arachnoid and dura
d) arachnoid and epidural - CORRECT ANSWER=> B- arachnoid and pia"
"Ipsilateral =same side function T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> True"
"Which association is most accurate? a) sensory-anterior b) motor-medial c) sensory-medial
d) motor-anterior - CORRECT ANSWER=> D- motor-anterior
Remember: AM/PS Anterior motor/ Posterior Sensory"
"Gray commissure is a portion of the corpus callosum overlying the thalamus. T or F - CORRECT
ANSWER=> F... the gray commissure is visible in a section of the spinal cord"
"Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains no white blood cells in healthy individuals. T or F - CORRECT
ANSWER=> T"
"The spinal cord has gray matter on the: a) outside, white matter on the inside, and a dorsal motor root b) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root c) inside, white matter on the outside, and a dorsal motor root
d) outside, white matter on the inside, and a vetral motor root - CORRECT ANSWER=> C - white/out,
gray/in, dorsal motor root"
"The amygdaloid nucleus (almond or amygdala) is involved in emotional memory. T or F - CORRECT
ANSWER=> T"
"Which is the mildest or "least bad" consequence of a traumatic brain injury? a) contusion b) concussion c) hemorrhage
d) swelling - CORRECT ANSWER=> b) concussion"
"The spinal cord ends at the level of L1 in adults T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Basal nuclei are: a) white matter bodies buried in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex b) specialized gray matter structures in the cerebral cortex
a) conduction deafness (something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the inner ear) b) motor deafness c) sensorineural deafness (gradual loss of hair cells)
d) tinnitus (ringing in the ears in the absence of stimuli) - CORRECT ANSWER=> 1-A
2-C
3-A
4-D"
"Like the cornea, the lens is highly vascularized. T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> F"
"Ciliary muscles inside the eyeball BOTH change the lens' shape to focus the image and alter the pupil to
regulate light intensity. T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Conus Medullaris - CORRECT ANSWER=> The spinal cord terminates in a tapering cone-shaped
structure called the conus medullarus."
"Spinal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER=> The 31 pair of nerves that arise from the spinal cord."
"Terminal hair (filum terminale) - CORRECT ANSWER=> The filum terminale is a fibrous extension of
the conus, extending from the conus medullaris to the coccyx, where it anchors the spinal cord in place."
"Central canal - CORRECT ANSWER=> Spinal cord is in central canal"
"Gray commissure - CORRECT ANSWER=> connection between lateral and medial gray matter in spine"
"Ascending Pathways - CORRECT ANSWER=> Conduct sensory impulses upward to brain"
"Descending pathways - CORRECT ANSWER=> descending pathways and tracts deliver efferent
impusles from the brain to the spinal cord"
"Reflex arc - CORRECT ANSWER=> reflexes occur over neural pathways called reflex arcs that contain
receptors, sensory neuron, CNS integration center, motor neuron, and effector"
"Multiple sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER=> Disease most common in females. Auto-immune system
attacks myelin sheath in the CNS"
"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig's Disease) - CORRECT ANSWER=> Most common in
males. Unknown cause. Motor neurons die from inferior to superior."
"Poliomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWER=> A virus kills the motor neurons."
"Herpes infections (fever blisters and genital herpes) - CORRECT ANSWER=> Virus infects general
sensory neurons and live an reproduce in never cell boies at the dorsal root ganglion. Under stress, the virus particles are transported to the dendrites in integument and shed." "Occasionally Our Old Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any
How - CORRECT ANSWER=> 1-Olfactory
2-Optic 3-Oculomotor 4-Trochlear 5-Trigeminal 6-Abducens 7-Facial 8-Vestibulocochlear 9-Glossopharyngeal 10-Vagus 11-Accessory 12- Hypoglossal" "CN and sensory, motor, or both 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11
12 - CORRECT ANSWER=> 1- Some-Sensory
2- Say-Sensory 3-Marry- Motor 4-Money- Mot0r
"The most important chemical property of a chemical is "does it dissolve in water", since that regulates
how it passes through a cell membrane. T or F - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Phospholipids: a) are exclusively hydrophilic (attract water) molecules b) contain hydrophilic tails and hydrophobic head groups c) are both hydrophilic (attract water) and hydrophobic (repel water) in nature
d) form the lipid bilayer, with hydrophobic (repels water) tails directed to the outside - CORRECT
ANSWER=> C - are both hydrophilic (attract water), and hydrophobic (repel water) in nature"
"A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a) body erect b) arms at sides c) palms turned posteriorly
d) thumbs pointed laterally - CORRECT ANSWER=> C- palms turned posteriorly"
"Regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three
interdependent components. - CORRECT ANSWER=> True. The three components are Affector
(sensor), Integrator (decision maker), and Effector (actor)"
