Families in Crisis - Human Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

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Families In Crisis

Chapter 8 - Crisis of Lethality

FOCUS OF LETHALITY

1. Instrumental - Acts of homicide that occur for some financial or other concrete gain
2. Expressive - Acts designed to reduce psychological pain (emotionally distraught, helpless, etc.)

SCOPE OF SUICIDE CASES

In the U.S.:

• Age 15-24, largest increase in past 30 years

• Men, 4 times the rate than women

• Elderly (10% of US population) - 25% of all suicides occur in the over 65 group, and much higher after 70

SCOPE OF SUICIDE CASES

"If you are planning to become a mental health professional, the odds are about 1 in 4 that you will come face to face with a suicide."

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SUICIDE

• Freudian Inward Aggression (Intrapsychic conflict when dealing with psychological stress) Depressions becomes self-destructive
• Developmental ( one does not navigate life stages and are unable to cope)
• Deficiencies (mental deficiency caused risk factors)
• Escape (Flight from situation that is intolerable)
• Hopelessness (there is nothing one can do to change a situation) *Psychache (psych-ache) - (one has intolerable psychological pain)

SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SUICIDE

• Durkheim's Social Integration

Societal integration - degree to which people are bound together in social networks

Social regulation - degree to which the individual's desires and emotions are regulated by societal norms and customs

SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SUICIDE

Suicide Trajectory Model - considers multiple factors,

• biological (substance abuse, being male , genetic predisposition to depression)
• psychological (low self-concept, hopelessness, borderline personality disorder)
• cognitive (rigid, dogmatic, irrational, all-or-none thinking)
• environmental (access to firearms, stressful occupations, loss, family)

SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SUICIDE

Interpersonal Theory (three components)

1. People acquire suicidal capability (decreasing fear of death)
2. People perceive burdensomeness to others
3. Failed belongingness

OTHER EXPLANATIONS

1. Accident (pushing their luck
2. Biochemical or neurochemical malfunction
3. Chaos (unpredictable behavior can occur within predictable systems)
4. Dying with Dignity/rational suicide
5. Ecological/integrative (painful intrapsychic factors interact with negative interpersonal/societal issues
6. Interactional - suicide because of external rage toward another

OTHER EXPLANATIONS

7. Ludic suicides - having the desire to experience an ordeal or a way to prove oneself in gamesmanship (Russian roulette, tribal rite of passage)
8. Oblative suicides - Those that are sacrificial in nature and seen to put one in a 'higher' place (LSD user who 'wants to meet God, or Buddhist monks who set themselves on fire)
9. Overlap Model - Lack of social support, biological propensity to suicide, and presence of psychiatric disorders (the more of these areas over-lap the greater the potential for suicide 10 Parasuicide - (acts that closely resemble suicide, self injurious behavior, risky behavior that could cause death)
10. Suicide by cop

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SUICIDE AND HOMICIDE

• Often, the person who is suicidal is also homicidal

• 30% of violent individuals have a history of self-destructive behavior

*10-20% of percent of suicidal persons have a history of violent behavior

MYTHS ABOUT SUICIDE

Read pages 216-

WARNING SIGNS

IS PATH WARM: Ideation Substance Abuse Purposelessness Anxiety and agitation (Feeling) Trapped Hopelessness Withdrawal Anger Recklessness Mood fluctuations

AAS

American Association of Suicidology