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Various factors that influence the solubility of solids, liquids, and gases in solvents. It covers the effects of temperature on solids and liquids, the impact of temperature and pressure on gases, and the role of polarity and the nature of the solute and solvent in determining solubility. The document also includes examples and practice questions.
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Factors That Affect Solubility A) Temperature The solubility of most solids increases with temperature Higher temperature makes it easier to break the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent
The solubility of most liquids is NOT greatly affected by temperature L IQ U ID S
The solubility of gases decreases as temperature increases
Solubility Curves Tell us the mass of solute that will dissolve in 100 g of water over a range of temperatures. On a solubility curve, the lines indicate the concentration of a saturated solution -‐ the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at that speciNic temperature.
What term -‐ saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated -‐ best describes: ▪ a solution that contains 70 g of NaNO 3 per 100 mL H 2 O at 30 °C ▪ a solution that contains 60 g of dissolved KCl per 100 mL H 2 O at 80 °C
Factors That Affect Solubility C) Polarity of the Solute and Solvent 'Like Dissolves Like' -‐polar solutes have high solubility in polar solvents -‐polar solutes have low solubility in non-‐polar solvents -‐non-‐polar solutes have high solubility in non-‐polar solvents -‐non-‐polar solutes have low solubility in polar solvents Things to remember: -‐water is a polar solvent -‐hydrocarbons are non-‐polar -‐generally molecular compounds with oxygen in them are polar, and dissolve well in water
An oil slick miscible liquids mix in all proportions (i.e. water and methanol) immiscible liquids do not mix (i.e. oil and water)
Practice: Read Textbook p. 176 -‐ 183 Questions p. 183 # 1 -‐ 7
