SHELL MODEL
SUBMITTED BY- KALPANA CHAUDHARY
K I’D- K18937
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Full discussion of shell model
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2020/2021
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SHELL MODEL
SUBMITTED BY- KALPANA CHAUDHARY K I’D- K
- (^) INTRODUCTION
- (^) DISCOVERY OF SHELL MODEL
- (^) ASSUMPTION
- (^) MAIN ACHIEVEMENT
- (^) MAIN LIMITATION
- (^) REFERENCE
CONTENT
Shell nuclear model , description of nuclei of atoms by analogy with the Bohr Radius model of electron energy levels. It was developed independently in the late 1940s by the American physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer and the German physicist J. Hans D. Jensen, who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1963 for their work. In the shell nuclear model, the constituent nuclear particles are paired neutron with neutron and proton with proton in nuclear-energy levels that are filled, or closed, when the number of protons or neutrons equals 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, or 126, the so- called magic numbers that indicate especially stable nuclei.
DISCOVERY
The unpaired neutrons and protons account for the properties of a particular species of nucleus as valence electrons account for the chemical properties of the various elements. The shell model accurately predicts certain properties of normal nuclei, such as their angular momentum; but for nuclei in highly unstable states, the shell model is no longer adequate and must be modified or replaced by another model, such as the liquid-drop model, collective model, compound-nucleus model, or optical model.
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- (^) The orbit is determined by a potential energy function V(r) which represent the average effect of all interaction with other nucleons, and is same for each particle. Each nucleons is regarded as an independent particle and the interaction between a nucleons is considered to be a small perturbation On the interaction between a nucleon and the potential field. There is a direct analogy between the theoretical treatment of a Nucleus and an electron in an atom.
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Energy Eigen Value in Shell Model
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- (^) It fail to explain the stability of four stable nuclei , , ,.
- (^) It does not predict correct values of nuclear spin for certain nuclei.
- (^) The Quadruple moment calculated using this model in also not in good agreement.
- (^) The magnetic moment is also shows some deviation from observed values.
MAIN LIMITATION OF SHELL MODEL
- (^) Nuclear Physics theory and experiment
By R.R. Roy & B.P. Nigam
- (^) Nuclear Physics
By Irving Kaplan
- (^) Introductory Nuclear Physics
By Samuel S.M. Wong
- (^) Concept of Modern Physics