EV/hybrid vehicle book, Summaries of Mechanical Engineering

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EV/HYBRID VEHICLE

BY- MOHIT KHORIA

Course Contents

• Introduc*on

• Electric vs Petrol Car (IC)

• Electric vs Hybrid

• Components of hybrid vehicles

• Types of hybrid vehicles

• THS model (Toyota Hybrid System)

• Different working scenarios

• Motor vs Generator

• Regenera*ve Braking

• BaIery Management System

• FAQs

NEED OF HYBRID TECHNOLOGY Growth of global automaAon market Increase need for energy in the form of fossil fuels Increased producAon in CO

Growth of global automaAon market Increase need for energy in the form of fossil fuels Increased producAon in CO ECO-CAR Good Fuel Economy Low Carbon Emissions

Difference between Electric Vehicle(EV) and Petrol Car(IC) Electric Vehicle(EV) Petrol Car(IC)

• EV uses electric motor which directly drives the vehicle. - IC uses piston which converts linear into rotary mo*on and flywheel is aIached to it.
• Electric motor is very powerful and self star*ng. - In IC engine we need another DC motor to rotate the flywheel and start the vehicle.
• Electric motor efficiency is 90%^
  • IC engine efficiency is 35-40%
• Electric car induc*on motor speed is upto 18000 rpm which can directly drive the wheels. - IC engine has limited rpm so that’s why it is connected to transmission to increase speed.

Electric Vehicle(EV) Petrol Car(IC)

• Weight - 32kg Power- 270KW Power/Weight - 8.5KW/Kg - Weight - 110Kg Power - 140KW Power/Weight - 0.8KW/Kg
• Brain of electric car is Inverter. It vary speed by varying frequency of motor. - Brain of IC engine is transmission/gears which vary speed of vehicle.
• While slowlying down or braking, 3 phase motor gets energy/power from wheels and it works as a generator to recharge the baIery. - In IC engine, brakes has no effect on vehicle.
• Cost of electric car is more as premium quality cells are used in baIery. - Cost of IC engine is low compared to EV.

Difference between Electric Vehicle(EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle(EV) Hybrid

• EV solely works on the electric motor.^ • Hybrid= Electric + gasoline engine(IC)
• Car drives by the power delivered by electric motor. - In hybrid, electric motor some*mes power the car to delay use of petrol engine and save fuel.
• BaIery is charged by off-board from source when it's plugged and with also regenerave braking. - There are two types of hybrid: Standard hybrid - Only use regenerave braking. Plug-in hybrid - Use regenera*ve braking and power from external source.

HEV PHEV BEV

HV Ba;ery Assembly Stores electricity generated by MG1 and MG2. To drive MG and MG2 the baIery supplies power to the inverter and further to electric motor to drive the wheels. Power Cables High-voltage, High amperage cable that connect the high- voltage system parts.

Power management control ECU (HV CPU)

• Used to control the hybrid system. Integrated with the power management control ECU. (VCU)
• Receives informaon about driver inputs and vehicle driving condions from each centre as well as from various ECUs. Calculate the required MG2 torque and engine power output. Engine
• High Efficient Atkinson cycle engine. Produces power to drive the vehicle and generates electricity. Auxillary Ba;ery
• Used as a power source for each ECU and electrical components such as the audio systems.

Generator (MG1)

• Generates electricity using engine power. Func*ons as a starter to start the engine. Motor (MG2)
• Supplements the power of the engine to enhance driving performance. When driving the vehicle using the motor the system uses MG2 by itself to drive the vehicle.
• Generates electricity using degenerave braking when decelerang the vehicle. Compressor with motor assembly
• Electrical compressor for A/C. Operated by power from the HV baIery.