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An overview of equipotential lines, their relationship with electric field lines, and their significance in various contexts such as gravitational fields, spherical shells, conductors, and dipoles. Equipotential lines connect points of equal potential and are perpendicular to field lines. They are particularly important in understanding the behavior of electric charges and the distribution of electric fields.
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A charge movingperpendicular to field lines hasno change in potential. A line that is alwaysperpendicular to the field linesconnects point of equalvoltage. This is an equipotential line. q q E
The equipotential linefor a point charge in aplane is a circle. The field lines go in 3-dimensions. The equipotential isactually a sphericalsurface.
All field lines are perpendicularto the surface of a conductor. The surface of the conductor isan equipotential surface. The interior is also at the samepotential.
An equipotential volume q q
The heart muscle produceselectrical potential differences.
Typically 1 mV at the skin At any time there areequipotential lines on the skin. The heart beat trace is thevoltage at one point on theskin. next