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This course includes emerging and reemerging diseases, public health issues and nanotechnology aspects of microbiology and other topics mainly. Main concepts explained in this lectures are: Emerging Trends in Plant Viruses, Plum Pox Virus, Agriculture and Economic Effects, Applications of Plant Viruses, Emerging Plant Viruses, Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Chronic, Endogenous, Plant Virus Life Cycle, Plant Virus Transmission
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What is the most probably explanation for the differences observed in these two plants ( Arabidopsis thaliana)? A. Unequal distribution of water, nutrients, and sun light. B. The plant on the right is sad. C. Symptoms are a consequence of a Plum pox virus infection.
By: Sarah Imran, Mina Shamsoun, Luke Fung
Biotrophic pathogens - Classic Example: Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Four categories - Persistent - Acute - Chronic - Endogenous
๏ Horizontal Transmission: ๏ Vectors eg. Arthropods ๏ Vertical Transmission: ๏ Plant โ Plant transmission ๏ Plant Virus
Ecology Interaction
Defense mechanism and consequences - First line of defense - physical and chemical barriers - Non โ specific defensive reactions - Hypersensitivity Response and Resistance gene - Plant RNase response
Emerging Plant Viruses: Emerging Genera
Whitefly โ transmitted bogomoviruses (genus Begomovirus ) linked with reassortment in the Cassavan mosaic disease - Thrips โ transmitted tospoviruses (genus Topovirus) - Significant increase in viral species over past 10 years - Emergence directly linked to polyphagous insect vectors
Pepino mosaic virus - Host: solanaceous plant such as tomatoes - Distribution range significantly increased - Rice yellow mottle virus - Host: Rice crop - Devastating effects on agriculture
cause many plant diseases are responsible for huge losses in crop production and quality
Worldwide distribution - Infects over 350 different species - Multiplies in living plant cells but can stay dormant in dead plant tissue - Mechanical method of spread - Takes over metabolic functioning โ no cell death - Expression depends on strain and environmental conditions
Worldwide distribution of
reduces cured tobacco yield, value, average price, and quality index
Accounts for
of crop damage in North Carolina by reducing yield and quality
Losses ranges from
Infects more than 800 plant species, both dicots and monocots, in more than 80 plant families - Prevalent in warm climates in regions with a high population of thrips: agricultural pest in Asia, America, Europe and Africa - Arboviruses usually vectored by thrips - Affects food crops (peanuts, watermelons, capsicums, tomatoes, zucchinis) - Infection at early stages of plant growth causes greatest damage and eventually leads to cell death
Africa main geographic distribution - Transmission through vector - causes a yellow or orange leaf discoloration, stunting and sterility in rice
