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Electric Charge: Properties, Types, and Interactions, Slides of Physics

An introduction to electric charge, its fundamental properties, and its interactions with other charges. Topics covered include the historical observation of electricity, the measurement of electric charge in coulombs, the attraction and repulsion of charges, and the concept of polarization. The document also discusses the transfer of electric charge between different materials.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/12/2013

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Electric Charge

Electricity

Objects can be described by fundamental properties.

•^

Mass, velocity, energy, temperature, volume, etc.

In ancient times is was observed that some itemsattracted small bits of material, especially when rubbed.

Fossilized tree sap called amber had this property.

•^

Greek word for amber is

elektron

The property was called

electricity

.

Charge

Electric charge is measured in coulombs (C).

Electric charges come in small, but discrete units.

•^

Electron charge is 1.6 x 10

C

•^

Proton charge equal magnitude to the electron charge

Charges come in two types – positive and negative.

•^

Electron is negative, proton is positive

The sum of all charges is conserved.

Positive and Negative

Rubbing a silk cloth ona glass rod chargeboth the cloth and rod.

-^

Extra electrons oncloth

The combination is stillelectrically neutral.

Polarized

Positive and negativecharges may not beuniform in an object. 

Charges can orientthemselves to attract toanother charge. 

This is called^ polarization

-^

Allows neutral items tobe attracted.

Charge Transfer

Contact sequence from mostpositive to most negative:

-^

Rabbit Fur

-^

Glass

-^

Wool

-^

Silk

-^

Human Skin

-^

Cotton

-^

Wood

-^

Amber

-^

Rubber

next

Many items will transfer chargewhen they rub together. 

If one item gains positivecharge, another item loses anequal amount to becomenegatively charged. 

Different items are more likelyto gain positive or negativecharge.