Electric Charge: Properties, Types, and Interactions, Slides of Physics

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Electric Charge

Electricity

Objects can be described by fundamental properties.

•^

Mass, velocity, energy, temperature, volume, etc.

In ancient times is was observed that some itemsattracted small bits of material, especially when rubbed.

Fossilized tree sap called amber had this property.

•^

Greek word for amber is

elektron

The property was called

electricity

.

Charge

Electric charge is measured in coulombs (C).

Electric charges come in small, but discrete units.

•^

Electron charge is 1.6 x 10

C

•^

Proton charge equal magnitude to the electron charge

Charges come in two types – positive and negative.

•^

Electron is negative, proton is positive

The sum of all charges is conserved.

Positive and Negative



Rubbing a silk cloth ona glass rod chargeboth the cloth and rod.

-^

Extra electrons oncloth



The combination is stillelectrically neutral.

Polarized



Positive and negativecharges may not beuniform in an object. 

Charges can orientthemselves to attract toanother charge. 

This is called^ polarization

-^

Allows neutral items tobe attracted.

Charge Transfer



Contact sequence from mostpositive to most negative:

-^

Rabbit Fur

-^

Glass

-^

Wool

-^

Silk

-^

Human Skin

-^

Cotton

-^

Wood

-^

Amber

-^

Rubber

next



Many items will transfer chargewhen they rub together. 

If one item gains positivecharge, another item loses anequal amount to becomenegatively charged. 

Different items are more likelyto gain positive or negativecharge.