Drug addiction in modern world., Assignments of Sociology of Law

Download Drug addiction in modern world. and more Assignments Sociology of Law in PDF only on Docsity!

Drug Addiction

By faiz ehsan

B.A llb

A46011118014.

Submitted to :

Ms.Smita Parashar.

DRUG ADDICTION :

 (^) WHAT IS ADDICTION

 Addiction is a complex condition, a brain disease that is

manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful

consequence.

 People can be addicted to anything like gambling,

shopping,food and almost everything which gets in their way

to comfort lifestyle. When things gets out of hand then

people starts to behave compulsively regardless of the

consequences.

 When a person is no longer in charge of his life then

regardless of their triggering mechanism they become

addicted. The addiction can take over a person entire life,

nothing else matters.

 (^) WHAT CAUSES DRUG ADDICTION  (^) There is no one single cause of drug addiction. Instead, there are multiple causes that can be grouped into four basic categories. These four categories are: biological causes, psychological causes, socio-cultural causes, and spiritual causes.  (^) The biological causes of drug addiction include each person's unique physiology and genetics. People differ in the degree to which they like or dislike a particular addictive substance or activity. Some people may enjoy a substance or activity so much that it becomes very tempting and difficult to resist. Another person would not experience this difficulty because they do not experience a similar enjoyment.  (^) Psychological research has helped us to understand why people repeat certain behaviors, even when these behaviors are harmful. This is because people learn to anticipate some benefit from the addiction even though it is harmful. These benefits can range from stress reduction, relief from boredom, pleasurable sensations, coping with negative feelings or situations, or simply the benefit of avoiding withdrawal symptoms. People have varying abilities to cope with unpleasant emotions or circumstances. When people have poor coping skills they are more vulnerable to addiction  (^) Socio-cultural influences also contribute to the development of drug addiction. For our purposes, the term culture describes a group's learned and shared pattern of values and beliefs. These values and beliefs guide group members' behavior and their social interactions. When a culture accepts or tolerates drug use, the members of that culture are more vulnerable to addiction.

 (^) Evidently, marijuana is, by far, the dominant force is India’s illicit drug trade, with no other narcotic coming even close. And it isn’t the sheer volume of the trade alone. Even the geographical spread of ganja hauls is unmatched among all narcotics seized in India last year.  (^) It’s quite another matter for drugs like methaqualone and ephedrine, which were seized is unusually large quantities last year. Hauls of methaqualone (aka Quaalude and Mandrax) were only made across five states in 2016, according to government data (pdf). Apart from two small hauls in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, a little under 30 kilograms (kg) of the sedative was seized in Karnataka, around 55kg in Maharashtra, and an incredible 23,519kg in New Delhi. The New Delhi haul was reportedly worth Rs 4,700 crore, probably the largest drug bust in India ever.  (^) Ditto for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, key ingredients for making methamphetamine. In 2016, these narcotics were seized only in six states. Five of them—Assam, Karnataka, Mizoram, New Delhi, and Tamil Nadu—recorded hauls that totalled under 500kg. The big bust was 44,503kg in Maharashtra.

 (^) And what happens to all this seized stuff?  (^) There’s is a detailed procedure for disposal of seized drugs that must be followed by all Indian drug law enforcement agencies, the ministry of home affairs told parliament recently (pdf). “The seized drugs are disposed off only after obtaining order from the concerned court by the drug disposal committee as specified in the guidelines or notifications in this regard,” the ministry said.  (^) But the disposal rate seems rather shoddy. Consider, for instance, what happens to India’s massive ganja hauls. Drugs 2015 2016 2017 Seized 1,08,299.72 94403.03 1,82,622. Disposed 1,762 5,591.24 11,303.

 (^) In the 1970s, President Richard Nixon formally launched the war on drugs to eradicate illicit drug use in the US. "If we cannot destroy the drug menace in America, then it will surely in time destroy us," Nixon told Congress in 1971. "I am not prepared to accept this alternative.“  (^) Nixon inaugurated the war on drugs at a time when America was in hysterics over widespread drug use. Drug use had become more public and prevalent during the 1960s due in part to the counterculture movement, and many Americans felt that drug use had become a serious threat to the country and its moral standing  (^) The goal of the war on drugs is to reduce drug use. The specific aim is to destroy and inhibit the international drug trade — making drugs scarcer and costlier, and therefore making drug habits in the US unaffordable.  (^) the balloon effect : Cracking down on drugs in one area doesn't necessarily reduce the overall supply of drugs. Instead,

 (^) The aftermath : In Mexico, for example, drug cartels have leveraged their profits from the drug trade to violently maintain their stranglehold over the market despite the government's war on drugs. As a result, public decapitations have become a particularly prominent tactic of ruthless drug cartels. As many as 80,000 people have died in the war. Tens of thousands of people have gone missing since 2007, including 43 students who vanished in 2014 in a widely publicized case.  (^) If lawmakers decided to stop the war on drugs tomorrow, a major hurdle could be international agreements that require restrictions and regulations on certain drugs.  (^) There are three major treaties: the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 , the Convention on Psychotropic Drugs of 1971 , and the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psych otropic Substances of 1988

. Combined, the treaties require participants to limit and even prohibit the possession, use, trade, and distribution of drugs outside of medical and scientific purposes, and work together to stop international drug trafficking.