Diuretics: Classification, Mechanisms, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, and Adverse Effects, Study notes of Pharmacology

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Classification

High ceiling diuretics

Furosemide

DIURETICS.

· causes

loss

of not (^) I water in^ urive. high (^) efficacy meduin weak (^) ou

Diuretics ↑ adjuctive

efficacy Diuretics^.

1. (^) furosemide Diuretics (^) a) carbon

anlydrase

2. Bumltanide Benzothiadiazines inhibitor

· Benz thiazide > Acetazol-

3. (^) Torasemide ·

hydrochlorothiazide - awide.

Thiazide like

· (^) meto lazone (^) ⑤

potassium

· Chlorthalidone sparing

· diuretics

Xipamide (^) - ·

Indapanne

.

② osmotic

Diuretics

• (^) Mannitol

• Isosorbide linhibitors of Nat-

• (^) - 2c cotransports · Prototype (^) Drug (LASIK) · oral (^) diuretics onset

of

action (^) is (^) promptI short

duration

Site

of

Action-thick Arche^ /Loop Diuretics)

it inhibits^ Nat-K*2CL cotransport

· Furosemide has meak case

inhibitory

action

↑ (^) nicos eucretion as well -

>urinary^

put · a Nat^ &^ d'encretion^ acidosis^ not^ develop ·

furosemide by

ins (^) causes + in systemic

venous

capacitance E ↓^ left ventricul

filling pressure

· it I cast

3mgh

encreation in^ thick (^) ASCL

· over treatment causes

delydration

Loop

diuretics induces

Synthesis move of

PGE

Relieve

• varodilation

pulmona

oedema.^ ↑

mg

+ loss

CLAd) -

↑ HCO3^ &

Loss

Foraction

phosphate ↑^ Eucretion furosemide.^ of Nat^ E c

Renal vasodilation (BLOCKS^ Nat-k+^ -C

14 Renal^ BF)^ ↑ k+^ ↑ ca

• (^) corransporters encretion encretion

child

Hypocalcemial

(mid

aleniga

Torasemide

Uses of diuretics · (^3) times (^) more potent · Rapid I^ completely absorbed · longer action (^) & Given^ once day. · completely absorbed in hir a^ & need to^ be^ reduced in^ line failure · (^) used in (^) edema e hypertension . I.

Oedema

preferred for rapid mobilization Hypercalcemia

of

edema (^) find 3.^ Cerebral

edema

E (^) Hyperkalemia ·^ used as^ osmotic ↑ encuction^ dimetics

of

Nat & Car+^ ↓^ intracranial pressure.

6. (^) In severe anaemia (^) "hypertension to prevent
7. (^) Acute Pulmonary Thiarides are overload.^ dema. · (^) vasodilator (^) action preffered preceds saluretic^ action (^) over. Blood volume^ E venous (^) Return.

Adverse effects of

loop diuretics

Medium efficacy diuretics & ispesipidemia (^1) hypokalemia ⑤ E Hyperglycerie (^) metabolic acalos is

hyponatremia

dehydration , ④ (^) nypomagnesuic 3. hypovolumia

Hyperurecemia hypotension allergic reach E Es reypercalcemia alt disturbances

· Thiazide and thiazide^ like^ dirnetics^.

--- (^) --- (Inhibitors of Nat- sympout) . works (^) on early

distal tubule^.

Thiazide Thiazide related

· Chlorothiazide dimetics

·^ ·^ chlorathiadone hydro Chlorothiazide . · hydro flume thaside.^ · indapimide · (^) metolazone.

Weak diuretics

Pharmacokinetics

Uses

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

· INTERACTIONS

:-^ thiazides^ and righ (^) ceiling diuretics

Potentiate an^ other^ anti^ hypertensives

in (^) &

· Acetazolmide

↓ works as reversibly inhibit case Proximal Tubule results in (^) showing hydration (^) ofCos · distal wat (^) enchangeis^

with which

inExcess · well absorbed onally .

· uncreated

unchanged

in unive

· Action

of single^

doss 8-12hour

Because

of action acidosis of and hyp ovalemia acetatenice^ is^ not used^ as^ dirnetics.

5. Periodic^1.^ Glaucoma.

prophylaxis

. &

2. (^) Epilepsy (^).
3. Mount ani Sickness · started dan provide (^) proplylatio 3.^ To allowise before

as well as wine

Travel symptomatic before relief ↑

Potassium sparing diuretics

Aldosterone antagonist

Spironolactone

Pharmacokinetics

Uses

· Aldosterones

antagonists E Reval^ epithelial

wat channel inhibitors

↓ indirectly conserves (^) 17t inducing wild natriuresis^ ↑

spironolactone

2. Epevenone.

· Penet erate late DT (^) and a^ cells ·It increase^ nota^ decreases^ K eneration.

· it increase cast increation

by direct action on reval^ thoule. · oral bioavailability from^ microfine Powder Tablet is^70 % · completely

metabolised in^ Limi

· t =^ I-shour

· (^) Rose-25-

gm.

epo

5.^ Primary^ aldosteronism^1.^ To^ counteract k"loss due^ To^ Thiazide and loop dirnetis

New tre (^2). Edema.

Hypertension

Uses

4. counteract^ in^ real 1. (^) never used insufficiency ,^ amuria , (^) T8 Treat (^) Chronic acta Tubular^

edema or as

necrosis (^) s natriuresis 3 .To^ counteract^2. To mainten (^) GAR Low -

amolaly

of pasma due^ and wine^ flow

to peritoneal

dialysis