Disaster management- introduction, causes, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Environmental Science

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Disaster management in India

Anand Patwardhan IIT-Bombay

Why?

 Climate change is likely to be perceived through experience of extreme weather events  (^) Therefore, response to climate change will perhaps happen through adaptation to climate hazards  Important to characterize the institutional mechanisms and structures in place for responding to natural (and climate- related) disasters

Average annual impacts from

natural hazards

 Mortality: 3600  Crop area: 1.42 million hectares  Property (houses): 2.36 million dwellings

Exposure to natural hazards

 (^) 40 million hectares flood prone (5% of area)  (^) 54% area exposed to seismic activity  (^) East coast of India and Gujarat (West coast) exposed to cyclone risk  (^) A preliminary assessment of exposure to major hazard categories has been done in 1996- (as a part of IDNDR) by the Building Materials Technology Promotion Council of the Ministry of Urban Development. Check: http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm  (^) Trying to put this information in a GIS format

Disaster management

 (^) Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management  (^) Statutory responsibility of state governments  (^) Central government provides logistic and financial support  (^) Elaborate response mechanism at national level  (^) State level responses vary  (^) National coordinating body: National Disaster Management Cell (NDMC), Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture (http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/)

National response mechanism

MANAGEMENT MECHANISM

* Integrated Administrative Machinery

*** National Contingency Action Plan - identify initiatives by various agencies

• Department of Agriculture & Cooperation - the Nodal Department
• Central Relief Commissioner - Chief Nodal Officer at National level
• State/District Contingency Plans and Relief Manuals**

GOI Departments for Disaster

Response



Armed Forces-Ministry of

Defence



Central Para Military Forces-

Ministry of Home Affairs



International Response- Ministry

of External Affairs

GOI Departments for Disaster

Response

 (^) Ministries/Departments: Rural Development, Drinking Water Supply Power, Telecom , Health, Urban Development Food & Public Distribution, Shipping Surface Transport, Railways, Civil Aviation Women & Child Development Water Resources, Animal Husbandry India Meteorological Department(IMD)

**CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT - SALIENT FEATURES

• Human resource Development
• Setting up of National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM)
• Setting up of Disaster Management Faculties in States
• Programmes for Community Participation and Public Awareness
• Observing National Disaster Reduction Day
• Activities to achieve the goals and objectives of IDNDR/ISDR**

External Assistance -Policy

 No formal appeal for external assistance made for relief  External assistance,if offered as solidarity accepted with gratitude  (^) Gujarat earthquake- international response overwhelming  Bi-lateral agreements suggested by some countries for emergency response

Example: AP cyclone hazard

mitigation project outcomes

 Hazard mitigation studies (international consultants)  (^) IMD early warning capacity through Doppler radar  (^) Infrastructure creation and restoration  (^) Floods – drains & embankments  (^) Road restoration  (^) Storm shelters  (^) Electricity transmission and distribution  What about system / process capabilities?

Observations

 (^) Recognition of linkage between natural hazards and development  (^) Connecting developmental programs (DPAP, NWDB) to disaster management  (^) Forecasting and warning (technology use)  (^) Contingency planning  (^) Foodgrain availability  (^) Preparedness  (^) Adaptive capacity by creating a management system  (^) However, focus still on relief; recovery and adaptive capacity not thought through