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Digital Electronics: Exercises and Questions for University and High School Students, Exercises of Digital & Analog Electronics

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology Digital & Analog Electronics

A comprehensive set of exercises and questions covering various topics in digital electronics, including amplifiers, feedback and oscillators, multivibrators, binary number systems, combinational circuits, sequential circuits, a/d and d/a conversion, and logic families. It includes both theoretical and numerical questions, designed to test understanding and application of key concepts. Suitable for university and high school students studying digital electronics.

Typology: Exercises

2024/2025

Available from 01/14/2025

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Amplifiers: Class-A, B, AB, and C

Theoretical Questions:

1. Explain the working principle of Class-A, B, AB, and C amplifiers with diagrams.

2. Compare the power efficiency of Class-A, B, AB, and C amplifiers.

3. Why is Class-B amplifier more efficient than Class-A?

4. Discuss the distortion characteristics of different amplifier classes.

Numerical Questions:

1. Calculate the efficiency of a Class-A amplifier given the supply voltage and load

resistance.

2. A Class-B amplifier is connected to a load of 8 Ω with a peak output voltage of 20 V.

Calculate its output power and efficiency.

Feedback and Oscillators

Theoretical Questions:

1. What are the basic concepts of feedback? Differentiate between positive and

negative feedback.

2. Explain the working principle of a Phase Shift Oscillator with a circuit diagram.

3. What is the Barkhausen criterion for sustained oscillations?

4. Compare Phase Shift Oscillator and Wein Bridge Oscillator.

Numerical Questions:

1. Design a Phase Shift Oscillator for a frequency of 1 kHz using standard values of

resistors and capacitors.

2. In a Wein Bridge Oscillator, the resistors are 10 kΩ and capacitors are 100 nF.

Calculate the frequency of oscillation.

Multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger Circuits

Theoretical Questions:

1. Define astable and monostable multivibrators. How do they differ?

2. Explain the operation of a Schmitt Trigger circuit with its transfer characteristics.

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Amplifiers: Class-A, B, AB, and C Theoretical Questions:

Explain the working principle of Class-A, B, AB, and C amplifiers with diagrams.
Compare the power efficiency of Class-A, B, AB, and C amplifiers.
Why is Class-B amplifier more efficient than Class-A?
Discuss the distortion characteristics of different amplifier classes. Numerical Questions:
Calculate the efficiency of a Class-A amplifier given the supply voltage and load resistance.
A Class-B amplifier is connected to a load of 8 Ω with a peak output voltage of 20 V. Calculate its output power and efficiency. Feedback and Oscillators Theoretical Questions:
What are the basic concepts of feedback? Differentiate between positive and negative feedback.
Explain the working principle of a Phase Shift Oscillator with a circuit diagram.
What is the Barkhausen criterion for sustained oscillations?
Compare Phase Shift Oscillator and Wein Bridge Oscillator. Numerical Questions:
Design a Phase Shift Oscillator for a frequency of 1 kHz using standard values of resistors and capacitors.
In a Wein Bridge Oscillator, the resistors are 10 kΩ and capacitors are 100 nF. Calculate the frequency of oscillation. Multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger Circuits Theoretical Questions:
Define astable and monostable multivibrators. How do they differ?
Explain the operation of a Schmitt Trigger circuit with its transfer characteristics.

Numerical Questions:

Design an astable multivibrator with a 555 timer for a frequency of 2 kHz.
For a Schmitt Trigger with upper and lower thresholds of 6 V and 4 V determine the hysteresis width. Binary Number System and Boolean Algebra Theoretical Questions:
Differentiate between BCD, ASCII, and Gray codes.
Explain the concept of 1's and 2's complement methods with examples.
What are SOP and POS forms? Why are they important in digital logic design? Numerical Questions:
Convert 101 101 to Gray code.
Simplify the Boolean expression A⋅(B+C)+A′⋅B⋅C
Perform binary subtraction using 2's complement: 1 010 - 1101 Combinational Circuits Theoretical Questions:
Explain the working of half and full adders with truth tables.
What is the purpose of an encoder and decoder in digital circuits?
Discuss the operation of a 4:1 multiplexer. Numerical Questions:
Design a full adder circuit using basic logic gates.
Implement a 4-bit binary comparator circuit and explain its working.
Simplify the circuit for a 2:1 multiplexer using a truth table. Sequential Circuits Theoretical Questions:
Define the difference between a latch and a flip-flop.

o 2022 - 23: "In the astable amplifier, up to what voltage does the capacitor charge?" o 2023 - 24: "Statement 1: Astable Multivibrator can be used for generating Square Wave. State True/False."

Flip-Flop Frequency Calculation: o 2022 - 23: "A 4-bit mod-16 ripple counter uses JK flip-flops. If the propagation delay of each flip-flop is 100 ns, what will be the maximum clock frequency (in MHz)?" o 2023 - 24: "A 4-bit modulo-16 ripple counter uses JK flip-flops. If the propagation delay of each FF is 50 ns, find the maximum clock frequency."
Logic Gate Output: o 2022 - 23: "The output Y of the logic circuit given below is ___." o 2023 - 24: "What will be the output of the logic gate in the figure given below?"
A/D Converter: o 2022 - 23: "Which A/D converters are used for High-speed operation?" o 2023 - 24: "Which A/D converter is used for Hum rejection?"
Classes of Power Amplifier: o 2022 - 23: "Write the different classes of power amplifiers." o 2023 - 24: "Arrange the classes of power amplifier according to their efficiency (low to high): Class A, Class B, Class C, Class AB." Group-B (Short Answer Type Questions)
Flip-Flop Conversion: o 2022 - 23: "Perform the conversion of D flip-flop to J-K flip-flop." o 2023 - 24: "In a JK flip-flop, we have J = Q' and K = 1. Assuming the flip-flop was initially cleared and then clocked for 6 pulses, what will be the sequence at the Q output?"
Class B Amplifier Efficiency: o 2022 - 23: "Derive the maximum efficiency of a class B amplifier." o 2023 - 24: "Derive the maximum efficiency of a class B amplifier."

Group-C (Long Answer Type Questions)

K-Map Simplification: o 2022 - 23: "What will be the minimized output F of the circuit?" o 2023 - 24: "Find the output expression F for the following Karnaugh Map and realize it with logic gates."
Boolean Function Implementation: o 2022 - 23: "The output F of a decoder can be realized with the best logic gates. Find out the Boolean expression." o 2023 - 24: "Digital input signals A, B, C are used to realize the Boolean function F. Find the simplified expression for F." Short Answer Type Questions:
What do you mean by race-around condition? How is this problem solved using a master-slave flip-flop?
Design a full adder using two half-adders. Provide the truth table of a half- subtractor.
Draw and explain the operation of a monostable multivibrator using the 555 timer.
Explain the operation of a Schmitt trigger circuit. Long Answer Type Questions:
Design a MOD-4 synchronous counter using JK flip-flops. Implement it and explain.
Explain the working of a 4-bit Johnson counter with a circuit diagram and timing diagram.
Draw the circuit of a R-2R ladder DAC and explain its working.
What is the Barkhausen criterion? Explain the operation of a Wien Bridge Oscillator with a circuit diagram. Derive the frequency of oscillation. Short Answer Type Questions:
What are the advantages of push-pull amplifiers? Why are they called so?

What is crossover distortion in power amplifiers? How is it minimized in Class B push-pull amplifiers?
Implement the following Boolean expression using K-map and design it with NOR gates: o Example: F(A, B, C, D) = Σ(0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12) Short Answer Type Questions (Repeated):
Simplify the Boolean expression using K-map and implement it using NAND gates: o Example: F(A,B,C,D) = Σ(1,3,7,11,15) + d(0,2,5,8)
Design a 4-bit binary counter using JK flip-flops. Provide a timing diagram.
What is a multiplexer? Explain its principle and applications.
Explain the operation of a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer with a circuit diagram.
What is crossover distortion in Class B amplifiers? How can it be minimized?
Explain the operation of a Johnson counter. Provide a circuit diagram and its timing diagram.
Implement a full adder circuit using a 3-to-8 decoder and basic gates. Short Answer Questions:
Simplify the Boolean function using K-map and implement it using NAND gates: o Example: F(A,B,C,D) = Σ(1,3,7,11,15) + d(0,2,5,8)
Design a 4-bit binary counter using JK flip-flops. Provide a timing diagram.
What do you mean by race-around condition? How is it resolved using a master- slave flip-flop?
What is the principle of oscillation? Explain the Barkhausen criterion.
Explain the operation of a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer with a circuit diagram.
Design a full adder using two half adders. Write the truth table of a half-subtractor.
Draw and explain the operation of a Schmitt Trigger circuit.
Describe the differences between combinational and sequential circuits.

Explain the operation of a 4-bit Johnson counter. Provide its circuit diagram and timing diagram.
Implement a full adder circuit using a 3-to-8 decoder and basic gates. Long Answer Questions:
Design a MOD-6 synchronous counter using JK flip-flops and explain its working with a timing diagram.
Explain the working of an R-2R ladder DAC. What are its advantages compared to other DAC types?
Design and implement a 3-bit comparator circuit to compare two binary numbers.
Explain the working principle of a Wien Bridge Oscillator with a circuit diagram. Derive its frequency of oscillation.
Design a binary to Gray code converter. Provide a truth table and logic diagram.
Implement the following Boolean function using a 4-to-1 multiplexer: o Example: F(A,B,C) = Σ(1,3,5,7)
What is crossover distortion in Class B amplifiers? How is it minimized in push-pull amplifiers?
Explain the working of a 4-bit bi-directional shift register with parallel load. Provide its circuit diagram.
Design an asynchronous 3-bit up-down counter using JK flip-flops. Explain its operation with timing diagrams.
Write short notes on the following: o (a) Phase Shift Oscillator o (b) CMOS Logic Family o (c) Ring Counter o (d) Parity Generator and Checker
Explain the operation of a Class B push-pull amplifier. Provide a neat circuit diagram and calculate its efficiency.

Explain the operation of a push-pull amplifier. Why is it called so?
Draw and explain the working of a Class B push-pull amplifier.
What are the advantages of using a Johnson counter over a ring counter? Long Answer Questions:
Design a MOD-6 synchronous counter using JK flip-flops and explain its working with a timing diagram.
Explain the working of an R-2R ladder DAC. What are its advantages compared to other DAC types?
Design and implement a 3-bit comparator circuit to compare two binary numbers.
Explain the working principle of a Wien Bridge Oscillator with a circuit diagram. Derive its frequency of oscillation.
Design a binary to Gray code converter. Provide a truth table and logic diagram.
What is crossover distortion in Class B amplifiers? How is it minimized in push-pull amplifiers?
Explain the working of a 4-bit bi-directional shift register with parallel load. Provide its circuit diagram.
Design an asynchronous 3-bit up-down counter using JK flip-flops. Explain its operation with timing diagrams.
Write short notes on the following: o (a) Phase Shift Oscillator o (b) CMOS Logic Family o (c) Ring Counter o (d) Parity Generator and Checker
Explain the operation of a Class B push-pull amplifier. Provide a neat circuit diagram and calculate its efficiency.
Describe the operation of a master-slave JK flip-flop. Provide a circuit and timing diagram.
Implement the following Boolean function using a 4-to-1 multiplexer: o Example: F(A,B,C)=Σ(1,3,5,7)

What is the Barkhausen criterion for oscillation? How is it applied in the design of an oscillator?
Draw and explain the operation of a 4-bit Johnson counter using D flip-flops. Compare its timing diagram with a ring counter.
Design a 2-bit asynchronous up counter using JK flip-flops and provide a timing diagram.
Minimize the following Boolean function using K-map and implement it using basic gates: o Example: F(A,B,C,D) = Σ(0,1,3,7,11,15)
What is a full subtractor? Design one using two half-subtractors and provide its logic diagram.
Explain the operation of a successive approximation ADC with a neat circuit diagram.
Design a 4-bit synchronous up-counter with JK flip-flops.
What is the role of a decoder? Design a 3-to-8 decoder and explain its working.

Digital Electronics: Exercises and Questions for University and High School Students, Exercises of Digital & Analog Electronics

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Download Digital Electronics: Exercises and Questions for University and High School Students and more Exercises Digital & Analog Electronics in PDF only on Docsity!