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Desktop publishing tool, Lecture notes of Computer Science

Desktop publishing notes related to the photoshop and pagemaker which has the efficient tools

Typology: Lecture notes

2019/2020

Uploaded on 02/17/2020

veera-krishnan
veera-krishnan 🇮🇳

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DodginganArea
Dodgetoolisusedtolightenanareathat󵼺󵼻󵼶󵼶󵼫󵼨󵼹󵼲󵼰󵼵󵽀󵼶󵼼󵼹󵼰󵼴󵼨󵼮󵼬.Theoptionsfor
theDodgetoolareBrush,Range,ExposureandAirbrush
OptionsfortheSelectionTools
Addingtoaselectionoutline:Toincreasetheareaenclosedinanexistingselection
outline,shift+dragwithoneofthemarqueeorlassotools
Subtractingfrom aselectionoutline:Tosubtractfrom anexistingselectionoutline,
pressAltwhileusingoneoftheselectiontools
Intersecting oneselectionoutlinewithanother:Anotherwaytosubtractfrom an
existing selection outline is to Shift+Alt+ drag around the selection with the
rectangularmarquee,ellipticalmarquee,orlassotool
ResizinganImage
Youcanresizeyourimagetoanydimensionsyouwish.SelectImageSizefrom the
Imagemenu.Thedefaultin Photoshopistokeepimage resizingatConstrain
Proportions.Thismeansthatiftheheightischanged,thewidthwillbechangedat
the sameratio.Thiskeepsyourimage looking approximatelythe same,onlyat
differentsizes.Youcanchangetheimagesizeeitherbypixelsorpercentages
ColorModesSupportedbyPhotoshop
RGBcolor:Listsavaluebetween0and255foreachoftheRed,Green,Blue
componentsofacolor.(0,0,0),theabsenceofcolor,iscompletelyblack.(255,
255,255),thepresenceofallcolors,iscompletelywhite.MostPhotoshopartists
workinRGB.
CMYKcolor:Listsapercentageofeachofthecolors(Cyan,Magenta,Yellow,blacK).
CMYKcanbestbethoughtofasthecolorprintercartridgecolors.Somegraphics
designerschoosetoconverttheirwork(afterithasbeendoneinRGB)toCMYKso
thattheyhaveabettersenseofhowit󵼺󵼮󵼶󵼰󵼵󵼮󵼻󵼶󵼳󵼶󵼶󵼲󵼨󵼭󵼻󵼬󵼹󵼰󵼻󵼰󵼺󵼷󵼹󵼰󵼵󵼻󵼬󵼫.
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DodginganArea

Dodgetoolisusedtolightenanareathat’澙澚澕澕澊澇澘澑澏澔澟澕澛澘澏澓澇澍澋.Theoptionsfor theDodgetoolareBrush,Range,ExposureandAirbrush

OptionsfortheSelectionTools

Addingtoaselectionoutline:Toincreasetheareaenclosedinanexistingselection outline,shift+dragwithoneofthemarqueeorlassotools Subtractingfrom aselectionoutline:Tosubtractfrom anexistingselectionoutline, pressAltwhileusingoneoftheselectiontools Intersectingoneselectionoutlinewithanother:Anotherwaytosubtractfrom an existing selection outline isto Shift+Alt+ drag around the selection with the rectangularmarquee,ellipticalmarquee,orlassotool

ResizinganImage

Youcanresizeyourimagetoanydimensionsyouwish.Select“ImageSize”from the “Image”menu.ThedefaultinPhotoshopistokeepimageresizingat“Constrain Proportions.”Thismeansthatiftheheightischanged,thewidthwillbechangedat thesameratio.Thiskeepsyourimagelooking approximatelythesame,onlyat differentsizes.Youcanchangetheimagesizeeitherbypixelsorpercentages

ColorModesSupportedbyPhotoshop

RGBcolor:Listsavaluebetween0and2 5 5foreachoftheRed,Green,Blue componentsofacolor.( 0 , 0 , 0 ),theabsenceofcolor,iscompletelyblack.( 255 , 255 , 255 ),thepresenceofallcolors,iscompletelywhite.MostPhotoshopartists workinRGB. CMYKcolor:Listsapercentageofeachofthecolors(Cyan,Magenta,Yellow,blacK). CMYKcanbestbethoughtofasthe“colorprintercartridgecolors”.Somegraphics designerschoosetoconverttheirwork(afterithasbeendoneinRGB)toCMYKso thattheyhaveabettersenseofhowit’澙澍澕澏澔澍澚澕澒澕澕澑澇澌澚澋澘澏澚澏澙澖澘澏澔澚澋澊.

Grayscale:It’澙澇澉澕澒澕澘澓澕澊澋澚澎澇澚澕澖澋澘澇澚澋澙澋澔澚澏澘澋澒澟澏澔澈澒澇澉澑澇澔澊澝澎澏澚澋.Usuallyinorder toconvertanimagetograyscale,youwillfirstneedtoflattenit. Bitmap:Onlyallowsforblackandwhitedots(pixels). Labcolor:Representscolorwith3components:(Lightness,colorvaluefrom redto green,colorvaluefrom bluetoyellow).Thisisanothernon-standardcolorchannel.

FileFormatsinPhotoshop

Photoshopsupportsmorethanadozendifferentfileformatsbydefault,sochances areyoucanopenanimagecreatedinanotherprogram byselectingtheappropriate filetypefrom theFilesoftypedrop-downlistintheOpendialogbox. Herearesomeofthecommonfileformatsyoumightuse:  .BMP:TheWindowsBitmapformatcreatedbytheWindowsPaintapplet.  .GIF:AcompactfileformatoftenusedforWebgraphics.  .PDF:TheAdobeAcrobatfiletransferformat.  .JPGorJPEG:AnotherfileformatoftenusedforWebgraphics.  .PCX:An alternate to the Windows Bitmap formatthatwas originally popularizedviathePCPaintbrushprogram.  PhotoCD:AformatoriginallydevelopedbyKodak.  PICT:AMacintoshgraphicsformat.  .TIForTIFF:Acommonformatforscannedimages

GradientTool

Gradientsareappliedbydraggingthetoolacrosstheimage.Thestartingpointis definedbywherethemouseisinitiallyclickedandtheendingpointiswherethe mouseisreleased. Gradientscanbeappliedtoaselectionortoanentirelayer. 1 .SelecttheGradienttool from thetoolbarorpresstheletterGonthe keyboard. 2 .IntheOptionbar,therearemultipledifferenttypesofgradientsyoucanapply:

Window>Layers. ThePalette

  1. ThebigTintheboxindicatesthatthislayercontainstext 2 .Theeyesymbolindicatesthatthelayerisvisible.Tomakelayerinvisiblejustclickon it. 3 .Thepensymbolalongwiththehighlightingshowsthatthislayerisactive,which meansthatyoucanmakechangesonlytothislayer. 4 .Thearrowinacirclesymbolleadsyoutodetailedoptionsoflayerpalette. 5 .FillsettinghasthesameeffectasOpacityforaLayer,exceptthatisleavesLayer effectsuntouched. 6 .Thepadlocksymbolatthebottom rightoftheBackgroundLayerentryindicatesthat theBackgroundLayercannotbemovedoralteredinanyway,exceptbyplacing otherlayersontopofit. FurtherUsefulPaletteItems
  2. Thisisthebuttonyouneedtoclicktocreatenew layerstylefrom thepopupmenu,whichincludes optionssuchasdropshadowandglow. 2 .Clickthisbuttontoaddamasktoentirelayer.You canuseittoaddeffects. 3 .Clickheretocreateanewlayerset.Layersetsare usedtoorganizeandmanageyourlayers.Theywork likefolders.Whennewlayersetiscreatedyoucan clickanddraglayerstoit. 4 .Thisbuttonisusedtocreatenewfilloradjustment layer. 5 .Thisbuttonisusedtocreatenewblanklayerinthe Layerspalette. 6 .Thisbuttondeletesactiveorselectedlayer.Youcanalsodragthelayertoittodelete it. LASSOTOOLS Thelassoandpolygonallassotoolsletyoudrawbothstraight-edgedandfreehand segmentsofaselectionborder.Withthemagneticlassotool,thebordersnapsto theedgesofdefinedareasintheimage

Tousethelassotool:

1 .Selectthelassotool ,andselectoptions. 2 .Dragtodrawafreehandselectionborder. 3 .Todrawastraight-edgedselectionborder,holddownAltandclickwhere segmentsshouldbeginandend.Youcanswitchbetweendrawingfreehand andstraight-edgedsegments.

4 .Toeraserecentlydrawnsegments,holddowntheDeletekeyuntilyou've erasedthefasteningpointsforthedesiredsegment. 5 .Toclosetheselectionborder,releasethemousewithoutholdingdownAlt.

Tousethepolygonallassotool:

1 .Selectthepolygonallassotool ,andselectoptions. 2 .Clickintheimagetosetthestartingpoint. 3 .Dooneormoreofthefollowing:  Todrawastraightsegment,positionthepointerwhereyouwantthefirst straightsegmenttoend,andclick.Continueclickingtosetendpointsfor subsequentsegments.  Todrawafreehandsegment,holddownAlt(Windows)orOption(Mac OS),anddrag.Whenfinished,releaseAltorOptionandthemousebutton.  Toeraserecentlydrawnstraightsegments,presstheDeletekey. 4 .Closetheselectionborder:  Positionthepolygonallassotoolpointeroverthestartingpoint(aclosed circleappearsnexttothepointer),andclick. Tousethemagneticlassotool:

  1. Selectthemagneticlassotool ,andselectoptions. 2 .Clickintheimagetosetthefirstfasteningpoint.Fasteningpointsanchorthe selectionborderinplace. 3 .Todrawafreehandsegment,movethepointeralongtheedgeyouwantto trace.(Youcanalsodragwiththemousebuttondepressed.)
  2. Periodically,themagneticlassotooladdsfasteningpointstotheselection border. 5 .Toeraserecentlydrawnsegmentsandfasteningpoints,presstheDeletekey untilyou'veerasedthefasteningpointsforthedesiredsegment.
  3. Toclosetheborder,dragbackoverthestartingpointandclick.

SettingtheForegroundorBackgroundColors

1 .TheColorPickerPalette TheColorPickerPalettecontainsseveralcolorswecanchoosefrom.Todisplaythe colorpickerpaletteonthescreen,clickoneithertheforegroundorbackground colorboxinthetoolbox.