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Semester I Examinations 2012/
Exam Code(s) 3BP121, 4BEE Exam(s) Third Electronic and Computer Engineering Fourth Sports & Exercise Engineering
Module Code(s) EE Module(s) Infrastructure for Embedded Systems
Paper No. 1 Repeat Paper No
External Examiner(s) Prof. G. W. Irwin Internal Examiner(s) Prof. G. Ó Laighin Dr. M. Glavin
Instructions: Answer any three questions from four. All questions carry equal marks (20 marks).
Duration 2hrs No. of Pages^3 Discipline Electrical & Electronic Engineering Course Co-ordinator(s)
Requirements : MCQ Handout Statistical Tables Graph Paper Log Graph Paper Other Material
Question 1
You are given the task of designing a camera based security system for night time monitoring of a building. The building is located in a busy urban setting with a significant amount of pedestrian traffic and requires 5 cameras to cover the sensitive areas surrounding the building. The system should automatically identify and track pedestrian movement and issue a warning if it detects that pedestrians have entered (or are heading towards) the restricted areas around the building.
What are the major design decisions that must be taken into account when designing such a system? Your answer should take each of the following into consideration: (i) Microprocessor architecture of the image processing unit (CISC, RISC, DSP, or SoC ASIC). Identify the relative merits or otherwise of each architecture for this application. [4 marks] (ii) Power consumption. [4 marks] (iii) The amount of data being generated by the cameras will be quite significant. Describe the communications technologies you would propose to handle the streams of video from the cameras and the storage required to hold at least one month of video? [4 marks] (iv) Draw a block diagram of your proposed system showing each of the main components. Show calculations for memory size (RAM), communications bandwidths and document any other considerations you take into account in your design. [4 marks] (v) Considering the fact that this is night-time monitoring, how will the design of the camera system deal with the difficult lighting conditions experienced at night? [4 marks] State clearly all assumptions you make in the specification of this camera system.
Question 2
(a) Describe the formal design evaluation procedure known as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and explain how it might be used to evaluate an embedded systems design. Use an example to illustrate your answer. [6 marks]
(b) Describe the 2 main problems associated with bus interfaces on motherboards of high-end embedded systems? PCI express is one technology which has been developed to deal with these problems. In this context, explain why PCI express is a superior modern inter-IC communications technology and describe how emphasis and equalisation are used to overcome these issues. Your answer should also include some discussion on the eye diagram. [6 marks]
(c) All embedded systems generate, and are susceptible to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). (i) Outline some of the ways in which an embedded system might generate significant EMI. [2 marks] (ii) How does EMI usually manifest itself as a problem? [2 marks] (iii) Can you suggest some ways in which this interference might be suppressed? [2 marks] (iv) How can a printed circuit board be modified to improve a system’s EMC? [2 marks]
