Prioritizing Infrastructure & Agricultural Services for Small Farmers in Rural Nepal, Slides of Human Development

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Delivery of

Rural Services

NEPAL

Namaste!

Why Nepal rural services?

• Limited ec. and social progress
• Due to adverse physical constraints and

communications difficulties, but also

political instability and flawed policies

--- > Ineffective inst. arrangements

• Half population is poor, mostly rural
• Services not provided to rural poor

--- > Hence the focus of the study

4

Small farmers need….

Infrastructure services : for agricultural production (irrigation)

5

Small farmers need….

Infrastructure services : for market access (roads and bridges)

7

Small farmers need….

Infrastructure services :

• to process products and cottage industries (rural electrification )

Small farmers need ...

• Above priority sub-sectors are the focus of the study
• Prepared 1999/2000 with a Nepali NGO (SAPPROS)
• Focus on the Tarai region of Nepal
• Under oversight of National Planning Commission
• Recommendations were shared/discussed in both national and local level workshops
• Donor community was involved

Conceptual framework

• Provisioning and production of services
• Polycentricity, co-production and

competition

• Public vs. private services
• Subsidiarity
• Social capital development

Methodology

• Case study approach: sample of 60

purposely selected case-studies

• Define and classify services
• Identify delivery actors and steps
• Develop generic models
• Assess performance (efficiency and

process=farmer participation)

Key institutional actors

• Individual end-users/beneficiaries : rural dwellers in the broader sense
• CBOs: including User Groups and community associations
• NGOs : national, international, local
• Decentralized bodies : local governments (DDCs/VDCs)
• Government agencies : local services of ministries, public agencies and projects
• Private sector : individual operators, companies or industry associations

Service delivery cycle

Provisioning stage

- Initiation: formulation of request - Planning: preparation/design - Res. mobilization: funds and others - Resource allocation amongst projects

Production stage

- Project execution/service delivery - O&M: operation and maintenance - M&E: Monitoring and Evaluation

Generic models

• Agency model
• Local government model
• NGO model
• CB0 model
• Private sector model
• N.B.: actual models = hybrid

Funding ……... Delivery

17

private private

public private

public

public

private

public

Agricultural research

• in Nepal: - agricultural research is mostly applied and adaptive
• in this study:
  • crop variety selection and improvement
  • breeder and foundation seed production

Agricultural extension

• Information about technology
• Exposure to performance of technology

(demonstrations)

• Practical and cognitive skills
• Identify problems and opportunities
• Technical advice to solve problems
• Market information: prices, demand