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Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) Concepts and Operations, Study notes of Database Management Systems (DBMS)

An in-depth exploration of the relational database management system (rdbms), focusing on concepts, tables, keys, and operations. It delves into the structure of tables, primary and composite keys, candidate keys, alternate keys, and foreign keys. The document also covers various rdbms operations such as selection, projection, join, union, and renaming. It offers practical examples to illustrate these concepts.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 05/23/2024

devjyoti-roy
devjyoti-roy 🇮🇳

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MoDULE 1
Relalional dala medet
RetaTonal edeta modet.
The oelatonal medet oefoesents heo
ntetational data bse
-1n oelaticn al databate management
ystem (RDems) tonsit ot colection ot
Habies, ach- ath asiqme4 uHh auhique
i4entication,
consíder arelaHon (table), STUDeNT
a4-tibuterr NAME, RO ND, BRANCH,
uth ae refoesentee as fottòws.
AbDRESs Aibuter.
Tupe
NAME
Ram
Bhacm
RoLL NOBRANCH
11
O02
ADoREss
x
Shm mech
CivI X
ietd
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe

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MoDULE 1

Relalional dala medet

RetaTonal edeta^ modet.

The oelatonal medet oefoesents heo

n tetational^ data^ bse -1n oelaticn^ al^ databate^ management

ystem (RDems)^ tonsit^ ot^ colection^

ot Habies, ach-^ ath^ asi qme4^ uHh^ a^ uhique i4entication, consíder a^ relaHon^ (table),^ STUDeNT

uth^ a4-tibuterr^ NAME,^ RO^ ND,^ BRANCH,

AbDRESs ae^ refoesenteeAibuter.^ as^ fottòws.

Tupe

NAME

Ram

Bhacm

RoLL NOBRANCH

O

ADoREss

x Shm mech CivI (^) X

ietd

Coneept^ (tmpeot^ ant^ termincleY

Tn -the^ oclaticon^ al^

data

tonvert -the^ cernccptual^ mecl^

e oetation a!^ data^ odot^

uhich tan

tntu goeMS

be impeh^ ented^ ucing^ any (quag titt eral,^ 9,ng^ ny^ sq*

T+^ also^ Caued^ tecord^ base^ hodes
The Atcaing Componenti

in RDBMS

a) Tupte each w in -the oelation u

Khoun as^ tuple,

The above^ gelatien cortainu tpAes,

egRanm oor1T x* b column :The cotumn eresentr the Set valuer tor a -the Colmn broun ch (^) have the

-fhe COlLLmn

Geatm c^ vauy^ and atsibctedomai,

Branch

Cse

mech

STUC

)Retat^ on^ a) the^ instante^ :ptes

at a^ patfclan^ Fnetante^ ob-^

imc

retalionat inrtane. tuden -tabte^ Gudent

intante Pakctan

change whcne^ veh^ there^

0n deietto, pdate^ Tn^ -edat^ a^ b^ ase

haic aty the

Ko that^ ane^ tused^ to^ tdentty^ the rows or^ aåto^ help.^ to^ idertt^

by table, thi {he^ Ieneetn g yee.

b} Candi^ dat^ key

DH - 12/oul

|. Supe^ Key^ .T+^ is^ a^ et^ o^ one^ or more attibutehat^ artow^

-o

uniquely and^ entiny^ in^ -the^ ent

Gudont

4-Name

Rit Citu 002

SBran h

CSe

910 ho. 1234 Mech

Supar So Sname S3 S (^) hame, S (^) rott no (^) SIbno.

a. Candidete^ key^ the

atibute that

minimum Get^ ob

Ccun uniquag tqantiy

candid atz key.

inimum

candid cte^ key^ einzd^ sthe

nt.ob uper^ key

IH muUt^ unmajn^ unique^ valielo

candidatt key^ upresent^ in

retation at^ le^ ast^ onte^ in^ aable. Tn a^ Gtudent^ ab|e^ th^

ottibcte name,

roltno, Haig{hen^ candid^ ati^ ey^

Present S-Name

(mínimum no.^ ot

  1. Pimarg^ key-^1 can^ be^ dejinc4^ a

the minímum ho. ot th at

Koy cheoc^ en^ hy^ DBA^ Or^ datahase^ desi^ gmen

a (^) cotumn uhene (^) vaut (^) ane eame as^ he^ pimany^ y^ ot^ an^ nothen^ fable. -14 Combana (tabte)^ at^ a^ time, they

hetwecn the^ 1abtes

uLo or^ more^ relatfon

Cross reerente

are he Onetabte wed^ to^ Point^ tb^ -Ihe^ primary Key o^ ancihe^ table.

im. Studen^ 1,

SName

Rtu
citu 002

qitu

$. Branth

MeCh

Stdent 2 D nod (^) n

234 5G14 XXX

/Foregn y

44 34..

G} Aternate Key seccnd arg

-The atenatt^ y^ or^ ce condany that (^) hcs hot celected^ t be a (^) roimary (^) ky bct^ aTe^ candidate

for the (^) simay

as a Candidate

{or eqTn the above enamp

euderH Id,^ Gtuden^ ham^

are he^ Condi^ dato Koy which^ ú^

aternale (^) key

Sele ct^ any^ one.^ ob^

the candidale

aMernate or^ caccndany^ ky

Relational

Dt- IG|o4l

-^14 u^ tanguage., H qivea a Proces Dbtain^ esut

query

Proví de a -theoritf cal

Aoundation (^) or getati^ onal

T+ tser operaturs to Pe um 4uerit

Queries -

9e4 uest kur^ data

a data tu^ Nc^ eM^ ,manuplal aelati onal datob^ ar^ hen o2quined , the (^) tynta

Cpeci ic^ eyntan

KnCun a^ qutnt

Adrecs

TName PKD

Atnet (^602601) PLA

Cupati DAM

& Give^ au^ touomaH

tudent having

002 c02) Gtuden t

*Tind an^ ingo^ cKcdenit^

having hame

Cila and^ addoess^ U^ PKD.

Tname = Cita and^ addoeLs=^ PKp" Litttome

ID Nam e ph. ob

1234 Ramu

5643 Bomu

123-.

(^2345) Rita

  • }ind (^) cut the (^) injo, (^) ahout he Tp (^5642) and namn (^) e (^) Rame (^) and
456X

CLshm en hay

phoe nu

an4 (^) t (^) namRam ) and Phone^ o6.^ =^ M

a Pouject^ (peraton

-14 kelects^ CeHain^ colurnnu^ (om^ the

-toble nd^ Aiscat^ t^ -he^ othen^ CoLmy.

  • The^ operation^ Shouus^ the
attibutu -tht

Rot ob^ atibuty^

rE eemin^ ce^ d^ brm

the table.

The qeneral^ korm^ bor^ poíett^ bperaton

<Abíbute úst^ >R. Tt is^ dencted^ by^ -the^ ymho whee is^ the^

ymbol ued^ to

oeresen+ -the^ toníe^

ct operatin

attibue úSt^

-he út^ O^ ttibuter^. 6om the^ bibutey

relation R.

ame

Amer

ita

Ro11 n0. O

O

PKD

pLA

DAM.

& índ^ 4udent^

nae n^ -he^ Gtuden4^ jable 7T Name^ (S4udent)

& ind^ out^ he

table

Roll no. &^ addreu^ kron^ Studen

qenoted (^) Symbot

The general orm o

tname Csudast)^ ^^ Nnane^ (studsnt^ 2) tudet

Nam Ron^ Nomk^ Ro

C

tu Set diberence

C opeyation.

The oesult^ o^ Set^ dh6erent

operaton

hich ate^ Pros^ ent

in ohe^ elaton^

but renot^ poesent^ 1n

the Becond^ latton,

denoted
The qenera) borm^ to^

eesent

Tnams tud.^ I^

Aradm e^ Shud.^ 2.^ where.

the

resuLt rol

03

Nqmne

(2) Cs)^ (A)

Cartttion oporalion^ -tuo dibLerent

abte Dpevoton

y

Pquct Cpevtion

NaOn AharsO AC2.

Ctud 2

PLA

Aman

O

le namC opaation.

opn am^2 the

cuetfut aelation

  • Renam4^ oper ation^ dencted^ urth Smait qek^ we^ (Tho?.

eperaion x u the

renam e name (^) o (^) eLpaeni (^) n

with (^) save ame

nume.

o -the 2prestion

T(hame, add, tho,n)(st

emplaye.