Download CPO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A+ and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
CPO EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2025 GRADED A+
Optical Coherence Tomography Scanner (OCT) - correct answer ✓⬛non-contact, non- invasive method of obtaining cross-sectional retinal images. Provides ocular diagnostic information. Specialists can more specifically diagnose, treat and manage vitreoretinal diseases and glaucoma with detailed, quantifiable images of underlying retinal structures Optometrist - correct answer ✓⬛⬛State License independent primary health care provider who examines, diagnoses, treats, and manages disease and disorders of the visual system, and the associated structures as well as diagnoses related systemic conditions. Optometrist requirements - correct answer ⬛✓C o m p l e t i o n of a 4-year degree is followed by four years of education and training from an accredited optometry school = OD. This may be followed by a postgraduate training residency but is not required for licensure. Ophthalmologist - correct answer ⬛✓P h y s i c i a n (Doctor of Medicine, MD; doctor of osteopathy, DO) who specializes in medical and surgical care of the eye and visual system and in the treatment of eye disease and injury.
Ophthalmologist requirements - correct answer ⬛✓ 4 - year undergraduate, 4+ years of medical school, one year internship and 3+ years of specialized training in eyecare, surgery, and disease. They are state licensed as physicians and surgeons Paraoptometric - correct answer ⬛✓Woks under the direct supervision of a licensed doctor of optometry. Collects patient data, administers routine and technical tests of the patient's visual capabilities, and assists in office management. May assist in providing primary patient care examination and treatment services including contact lenses, low vision, vision therapy and ophthalmic dispensing and office management. State laws may limit or restrict paraoptometric duties. Ophthalmic Medical Personnel (OMP) - correct answer ⬛✓A s s i g n e d a variety of job duties including, taking patient histories, administering tests and evaluations, taking eye measurements for diagnoses purposes, and performing a variety of clinical skills. They do not make surgical or medical diagnoses. Not licensed as independent practitioners. Optician - correct answer ⬛✓P r e p a r e s or dispenses eyeglasses, spectacles, lenses, or related optical devises upon Rx. Duplicates, measures, adapts, fits and adjusts eyeglasses or lenses to the face. Makes, verifies and delivers lenses, frames, and other specially fabricated optical devises upon Rx.
A person who collects patient data, administers tests of the patient's visual capabilities, and assists in office management would best be described as a A. Paraoptometric B. Optician C. Certified contact lense dispenser D. Certified Office Administrator - correct answer ⬛✓⬛A. Paraoptometric Triage questions - correct answer ⬛✓1. What kind of problems are you having?
- How long has it been going on?
- Is it getting worse?
- Does it affect your vision?
- Does anything make it better? When a staff member receives a call but is busy with a patient, the person answering the phone should politely ask... - correct answer ⬛✓⬛for a return # or if someone else might be of assistance Prior to scheduling a patient appointment, what should be done first? - correct answer ✓⬛Make certain that the purpose of the visit is known to schedule properly. What is the most straight forward type of filing system? - correct answer ⬛✓Alph abetica l
Which is not part of implementing HIPAA? A. Identify those in your office whop need access to PHI to do their JOB B. Further identify anyone else who may need access C. Create policies and procedures for routine disclosures to achieve purpose of disclosure D. Unlimited PHI disclosure for staff developing criteria - correct answer ⬛✓C. Create policies and procedures for routine disclosures to achieve purpose of disclosure Lacrimal Gland - correct answer ⬛✓the gland that supplies most of the tears to the eye. Located superior and temporal to the eye and behind the orbital rim Lacrimal Duct - correct answer ⬛✓⬛the drainage system for tears. As tears are produced by the lacrimal gland, they drain through the lacrimal duct to reach the surface of the eye Nasolacrimal Duct - correct answer ⬛✓⬛the drainage system for the tears to leave the eye. It is connected to the nasal passage. This is why the nose runs when one cries Sclera - correct answer ⬛✓the white portion of the eye made up of a tough, fibrous tissue that gives shape and structure to the eyeball
- Bowman's layer
- Stroma
- Descemet's membrane
- Endothelium Limbus - correct answer ⬛✓The junction of the sclera and the cornea. Iris - correct answer ⬛✓the colored part of the eye. Consists of 2 muscles with a hole in the middle (the pupil). The iris sphincter and dilator muscles control the size of the pupil for maximum visual performance Anterior Chamber - correct answer ⬛✓Area inside the eye, behind the cornea and in front of the iris. This area is filled with clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor Aqueous Humor - correct answer ⬛✓⬛Clear watery fluid produced by the ciliary body. It fills the front part of the posterior chamber and the entire anterior chamber. It provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea and carries away waste products. It is also responsible for maintain the intraocular pressure because it is the only fluid continually produced in the eye
Crystalline lens - correct answer ⬛✓p r o v i d e s focusing power to the eye. Allows for adjustment of the eye to focus from distance to near (accommodation). The second most powerful refractive medium. Held in place by ciliary body (ligaments) Ciliary Muscles - correct answer ⬛✓the muscle inside the eyeball which alters the shape of the crystalline lens. It has direct control over the focusing ability of the eye Accommodation - correct answer ⬛✓The focusing ability of the eye Posterior Chamber - correct answer ⬛✓the area located inside the eye, behind the iris and in front of the lens Retina - correct answer ⬛✓⬛the seeing part of the eye. Lines the sclera and is the place where light coming into the eye is focused. Images that fall on the nerve cells of the retina are then transmitted to the brain where they are interpreted Choroid - correct answer ⬛✓c o n s i s t s primarily of blood vessels that nourish the retina so it can continue to function. It is between the sclera and the retina
Extraocular Muscles - correct answer ⬛✓the 6 muscles attached to the sclera from the bones surrounding the eye that serve to aim the eye in the direction we wish to look. The 6 Extraocular Muscles - correct answer ✓⬛ 1. Medial Rectus
- Inferior Rectus
- Lateral Rectus
- Superior Rectus
- Superior Oblique
- Inferior Oblique Medial Rectus - correct answer ⬛✓the most powerful of the extraocular muscles. Its only action is to turn the toward the nose (adduction) Inferior Rectus - correct answer ⬛✓its primary action is to turn the eye downward (depression). It also adducts the eye. Additionally, it can rotate the top of the eye toward the temple and the bottom of the eye toward the nose (extortion)
Lateral Rectus - correct answer ⬛✓⬛its only action is to move the eye away from the nose (abduction) Superior Rectus - correct answer ⬛✓its primary action is to move the eye upward (elevation). It also abducts the eye. Additionally, it can rotate the top of the eye toward the nose and the bottom of the eye toward the temple (intorsion) Superior Oblique - correct answer ✓⬛its primary action is depression. It is also responsible for abduction and intorsion Inferior Oblique - correct answer ✓⬛the only extraocular muscles that has its origin at the front of the orbit. Its primary action is elevation. It is also responsible for adduction and extrosion The is a clear, cellophane like tissue that lines the inside surface of the eyelid - correct answer ⬛✓P a l p e r b r a l conjunctiva The muscle has direct control over the focusing ability of the eye - correct answer ⬛✓Ciliary
Keratrometry - correct answer ⬛✓⬛Measures the curvature of the cornea and also determines the focusing power of the cornea. Allows for an estimate if the focusing power of the cornea, the amount of astigmatism present, and give an evaluation of the integrity of the front surface of the eye. Keratometric measurements are used in estimating the base curve of contact lenses Topographer - correct answer ✓⬛ A n a l y z e s the radius of curvature and the refractive power at thousands of points across the cornea. Measures thousands of points located within 3mm of the optic zone. Ability to evaluate refractive problems that might be present in the cornea. Used for screening patients before refractive surgery, for fitting contact lenses, adjusting post surgical corneal transplants, and diagnosing refractive disorders and diseases. Retinoscopy - correct answer ✓⬛an objective measure of the refractive power of the eye. Shines a light from the retinoscope into the eye and observes the reflex seen in the pupil. By analyzing the reflex, the examiner can place lenses in front of the eye to determine the patien's Rx. This is an objective test Subjective Refraction - correct answer ✓⬛⬛uses the patient's response to determine the best correction. Using a phoropter that contains lenses that can be used to determine the spectacle correction. A refraction is performed for distance vision and a similar procedure is performed for near vision
Ophthalmoscopy - correct answer ⬛✓e x a m i n a t i o n of inside the eye using an ophthalmoscope which illuminates the interior of the eye.Doctors generally focus on the external portions of the eye and gradually change focus until the back of the eye (retina) is viewed. Able to detect diseases and abnormalities as well as signs of systemic diseases (hypertension and diabetes) Direct Ophthalmoscope - correct answer ⬛✓is hand-held and yields a larger image but a smaller field of view Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope - correct answer ⬛✓worn on the examiner's head, uses a hand-held lens and yields a much smaller image and a much larger field of view. Requires the use of dilating drops in order to get a better view Binocular Vision - correct answer ⬛✓⬛relates to the ability of the eyes to work together as a team. Vision is typically enhanced using binocular vision Tonometry - correct answer ⬛✓used to measure the pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure), it is also a test used to diagnose glaucoma. Non-Contact Tonometer (NCT) - correct answer ✓⬛ s e n d s a puff of air against the eye (does not require an anesthetic drop)
Biomicroscopy - correct answer ⬛✓slit lamp examination. Gives the examiner a highly magnified view of the structures of the eye including the eyelids and lashes. The instrument is like a microscope mounted sideways. Used for observing the fit of contact lenses, checking for foreign bodies, and looking at the health of all parts of the front of the eye Fundus Photography - correct answer ⬛✓F u n d u s is a general term for the inner lining of a hollow organ. The ocular fundus is the inner lining of the eye. Fundus photos require a customized camera that uses high power lenses to visualize the back of the eye by focusing light through the cornea, pupil, and lens. Documents the health of the optic nerve, vitreous, macula, retina, and its blood vessels used for comparison, documentation, and sometimes to diagnose certain eye conditions Make up of the ocular fundus - correct answer ✓⬛1. Sensory retina
- Retinal pigment epithelium
- Bruch's membrane
- Choroid Pachymetry - correct answer ⬛✓an instrument that measures the thickness of the cornea. Useful in monitoring the progression of certain disorders that cause the cornea to become thickened (or
filled with water), resulting in loss of vision. Also performed to determine whether the cornea is strong enough for refractive surgery procedures. The retinoscope will indicate the patients refractive error when: - correct answer ⬛✓⬛All motion is stopped when the light is moved across the pupil Alternating esotropia is a condition in which: - correct answer ⬛✓⬛the patient fixates with only one eye while the other eye turns Visual field testing determines: - correct answer ⬛✓⬛the area of space visible to the eye Which instrument allows close examination of the lids and lashes? - correct answer ⬛✓biomicroscope Refractive status - correct answer ⬛✓⬛describes how light rays that enter the eye are focused. Some eyes will require assistance from a prescription lens to focus light.
- Light passes through the cornea and will refract, or bend, due to the curvature of the cornea
- Light then passes through the crystalline lens
the cornea being too flat or the eye is too short. Accommodation can make up for some the refractive error. Corrected with plus lenses. Astigmatism - correct answer ⬛✓⬛while viewing a distance target with accommodation relaxed, the image is not focused at one point but at two. Results because the cornea is longer in one meridian than the other (football shaped). May be present in myopia or hyperopia. Lenses used to correct astigmatism must be oriented along with the correct axis.` Presbyopia - correct answer ⬛✓loss of ability to see clear at a near distance caused by the lens inside the eye losing it's ability to accommodate. Symptoms usually begin early 40's and continue until mid 60's when the lens completely loses its ability to bend. Treated with either reading glasses, a lens with distance viewing and another part for near vision, or monovision (one eye distance and one eye near) Diapoter - correct answer ⬛✓⬛Unit of measure for lenses. Based on the fact that one diopter lens will focus light at one meter. The smallest unit of lens measure is generally 0. Plus lenses (convex) - correct answer ✓⬛ t h i c k in the center and thin on the edge. Objects appear larger or magnified. light rays passing through a plus lens will be converged, or brought closer together. Used to correct hyperopia or presbyopia
Minus Lenses (concave) - correct answer ⬛✓⬛thin in the center and thick on the edge. Objects appear smaller or minified. Light rays passing through a minus lens will be diverged, or moved apart. Used to correct myopia Sphere - correct answer ⬛✓the first # listed in an Rx. Indicates how much myopia or hyperopia the patient has Cylinder - correct answer ⬛✓the second # listed in an Rx. indicates the amount of astigmatism the patient has Axis - correct answer ✓⬛⬛the last # listed in an Rx. Astigmatism may be positioned anywhere from 1-180 degrees. If an Rx has just one number listed the patient only has myopia or hyperopia without astigmatism Add power - correct answer ⬛✓the last component of an Rx. Additional plus power that people need to view things at near and arm's length distance. Near vision is done by using multi-focals (bifocals, trifocals, progressive addition lenses). Generally the lowest add power is +0.
