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Contraceptive Methods in Females - Prof. Ali, Study notes of Human Biology

University of MadrasHuman Biology
Prof. Syed Ali

An overview of the different contraceptive methods available for females, including spacing methods, terminal methods, hormonal contraception, and barrier contraceptives. It explains the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and advantages of these methods. Topics such as the importance of spacing methods for maternal and child health, the surgical procedures involved in terminal methods, the different types of hormonal contraception, and the functioning of barrier contraceptives like condoms and diaphragms. The information presented can be useful for healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals interested in understanding the various contraceptive options and their characteristics.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 08/19/2024

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CONTRACEPTI
VE METHODS
IN FEMALE
Spacing method:
Spacingmethodsarereversiblemethodsofcontraceptiontobeusedbycoupleswhowishto
delaychildbirth.
Spacingmethodsareveryimportanttosuccessfullyregulatethebirthinterval.
Shortbirthintervalsmayadverselyaffectamother'shealthandherchildren'schancesof
survival.
Terminal method:
Theterminalmethodofcontraceptionincludesthesurgicalmethodofcontraception.
Inmales,itiscalledvasectomyandinfemales,itiscalledtubectomy.
Thissurgeryblocksthetransportofgametestoavoidconception.
What is Contraception?
Contraceptionisanartificialmethodortechnique,mainlyusedtopreventpregnancyasa
consequenceofsexualintercourse.Whenaspermreachestheovainawoman,shemay
becomepregnant.Contraceptionisamethodthatpreventsthisphenomenonby:
•Stoppingeggproduction.
•Keepingtheeggdistinctfromthesperm.
•Bystoppingthefertilizedeggfromattachingtotheliningofthewomb.
Types of Contraception:
Therearearoundfifteentotwentydifferenttypesormethodsofcontraception.
Here,letuslearnaboutthesafest3methodsofcontraception.
pf3

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CONTRACEPTI

VE METHODS

IN FEMALE

Spacing method:

Spacing methods are reversible methods of contraception to be used by couples who wish to delay childbirth. Spacing methods are very important to successfully regulate the birth interval. Short birth intervals may adversely affect a mother's health and her children's chances of survival. Terminal method : The terminal method of contraception includes the surgical method of contraception. In males, it is called vasectomy and in females, it is called tubectomy. This surgery blocks the transport of gametes to avoid conception. What is Contraception? Contraception is an artificial method or technique, mainly used to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse. When a sperm reaches the ova in a woman, she may become pregnant. Contraception is a method that prevents this phenomenon by:

  • Stopping egg production.
  • Keeping the egg distinct from the sperm.
  • By stopping the fertilized egg from attaching to the lining of the womb. Types of Contraception: There are around fifteen to twenty different types or methods of contraception. Here, let us learn about the safest 3 methods of contraception.

Hormonal Contraception: It is birth control method that acts on an endocrine system. It is composed of steroid hormones that comprise both oral and injectable methods. It is proved to be highly effective when taken on a prescribed schedule. The methods that are available currently can be used only by women. Some of the different methods of hormonal contraception include patches, IUD, implants, oral pills, injections and a vaginal ring.

Two types of oral birth control pills:

The progestogen: is only pills and the combined oral contraceptive pills. Both pills help to prevent fertilization. It is prevented mainly by thickening cervical mucus and inhibiting ovulation. If any of the pills are taken during pregnancy, there would be no miscarriages or cause any kind of birth defects Barrier contraceptives Barrier contraceptives are devices that are used to prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the uterus. Some of them include female condoms, male condoms, contraceptive sponges with spermicide, diaphragms and cervical caps. Among them the most common birth control methods are condoms. They help in protecting against HIV an STD(Sexually transmitted diseases. Most modern condoms are made up of latex. Contraceptive sponges with spermicide give the best barrier protection method. The spermicide kills most of the sperm entering the vagina. Then the remaining sperms are blocked from passing through the cervix to fertilize an egg. Barrier Methods: Barrier Methods: Prevents entry of sperms into vagina or uterus. Condom: The male wears a condom which prevents deposition of sperms in the vagina. Condoms are made up of rubber from latex. Ejaculated semen is retained within the condom preventing their entry into the uterus. Condoms can be combined with spermicides inserted into the vagina. The condom also protects against Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) like syphilis, AIDS.