12/24/22 11
Identifying Object
Relationships, Attributes
and Methods
Dr. Santosh Kumar Swain
Associate Professor
School Of Computer Engineering
KIIT , Bhubaneswar.
12/24/22 1
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Identifying Object Relationships, Attributes, and Methods in Object-Oriented Programming, Schemes and Mind Maps of Computer Science
Guidelines for identifying relationships, attributes, and methods in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). It covers three types of relationships: association, super-sub structure (generalization hierarchy), and aggregation. The document also discusses association patterns, identifying attributes and methods, and eliminating unnecessary associations. Dr. Santosh Kumar Swain, an Associate Professor at KIIT University, presents these guidelines.
What you will learn
- How can you identify associations between classes?
- What are super-sub relationships in Object-Oriented Programming?
- What are the three types of relationships among objects in Object-Oriented Programming?
- How do you eliminate unnecessary associations?
- What are common association patterns in Object-Oriented Programming?
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
2022/2023
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12/24/22 11
Identifying Object
Relationships, Attributes
and Methods
Dr. Santosh Kumar Swain
Associate Professor School Of Computer Engineering KIIT , Bhubaneswar. 12/24/22 1
Goals
- (^) Analyzing relationships among classes.
- (^) Identifying association.
- (^) Association patterns.
- (^) Identifying super- and subclass hierarchies.
Objects contribute to the behavior of the system by collaborating with one another. —Grady Booch
In OO environment, an application is the interactions and relationships among its domain objects. All objects stand in relationship to others, on whom they rely for services and controls.
Associations
- (^) A reference from one class to another is an association.
- (^) Basically a dependency between two or more classes is an association.
- (^) For example, Jackie works for John.
Associations (Con’t)
- (^) Some associations are implicit or taken from general knowledge.
Guidelines For Identifying Associations (Con’t)
- (^) Association often corresponds to verb or prepositional phrases such as part of , next to , works for , contained in , etc.
Common Association Patterns
- (^) Common association patterns include:
- (^) Location Association: next To, part of, contained in, ingredient of etc. :
- (^) For example cheddar cheese is an ingredient of the French soup.
Eliminate Unnecessary Associations
- (^) Implementation association. Defer implementation-specific associations to the design phase.
- (^) Ternary associations. Ternary or n-ary association is an association among more than two classes
Eliminate Unnecessary Associations (Con’t)
- (^) Directed actions (derived) associations can be defined in terms of other associations.
- (^) Since they are redundant you should avoid these types of association.
Superclass-Subclass Relationships
- (^) Recall that at the top of the class hierarchy is the most general class, and from it descend all other, more specialized classes.
- (^) Sub-classes are more specialized versions of their super-classes.
Guidelines For Identifying Super-sub Relationships: Top- down
- (^) Look for noun phrases composed of various adjectives on class name.
- (^) Example, Military Aircraft and Civilian Aircraft.
- (^) Only specialize when the sub classes have significant behavior.
Guidelines For Identifying Super-sub Relationships: Reusability
- (^) Move attributes and methods as high as possible in the hierarchy.
- (^) At the same time do not create very specialized classes at the top of hierarchy.
- (^) This balancing act can be achieved through several iterations.
Guidelines For Identifying Super-sub Relationships: Multiple inheritance
- (^) Avoid excessive use of multiple inheritance.
- (^) It is also more difficult to understand programs written in multiple inheritance system.