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complete correct solutions.
COM 312 Final Exam Study Guide 240
complete correct solutions.
Conflict should be accepted as a fact of life. - ANSWER True
According to our textbook, conflict may exist even when people are not arguing or even talking to each other. - ANSWER True
Effective conflict managment occurs when our communication behavior produces an outcome that is satisfactory to everyone concerned. - ANSWER True
Communication skills are innate; they are not learned. - ANSWER False
When conflicts arise, they arise because of the way both peolpe act with respect to one another. Both people in a conflict situation contribute to the emergence of conflict. - ANSWER True
The transactional model of communication emphasized the end product of communicating (convincing, persuading, controlling, or dominating others) whereas the linear view emphasizes the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in an attempt to better understand one another's perspective and create shared meaning. - ANSWER False
Parties involved in conflict can always agree on and identify a specific behavior as the trigger for that conflict. - ANSWER False
You and your roommate differ on how much clutter is "too much". According to the text, this is an example of: - ANSWER Incompatible goals
My husband and I each value education and want our children to do well academically. I think our children should not be allowed to play video games or watch more than one hour of television per day during the week so that they have more time to study. My husband thinks that is overly restrictive. This
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has become a source of conflict for us. According to the text, this is an example of: - ANSWER Incompatible means
In the author's view, interpersonal conflict: - ANSWER Requires interdependence.
According to our textbook, which of the following refers to communication behavior a person employs based on his or her analysis of a conflict situation that involves alternative ways of dealing with conflict?
- ANSWER Conflict managment
According to our textbook, which of the following refers to "Only one alternative in which parties solve a problem or issue and expect it not to arise again?" - ANSWER Conflict resolution.
Which of the following is FALSE? - ANSWER All conflict management should result in conflict resolution.
When it comes to interpersonal conflict, - ANSWER The closer the relationship, the more likely conflict becomes.
The text describes the process view of conflict as having _ stages - ANSWER 5
The participants involved, their relationship, other interested parties, and the physical and social environment are key variables of: - ANSWER The prelude to conflict
At which phase of conflict does at least one person make known to the other that a conflict exists? - ANSWER The initiation phase.
Which of the following statements is true about destructive conflict? - ANSWER All of the above statements are true about destructive conflict.
All of the following are true regarding civility except? - ANSWER It is dependent on our liking the other person.
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If I hint to my boyfriend that after two years of dating it's time to put a ring on it, this is most likely a ____ issue: - ANSWER Relationship
It seems like every time CJ makes a trip home from college, his Dad starts the same argument about whether CJ should change his major. Their argument is an example of a : - ANSWER Script
Saying I don't want to make waves is an example of an ___ statement: - ANSWER Avoidant/Accomodating
Withholding something the other person wants, secretly undermining others, spreading lies, and or denying a problem exists while failing to cooperate are examples of ____ behavior: - ANSWER Passive- aggressive
The text describes ____ as storing up hurts and anger until they finally explode: - ANSWER Gunnysacking
Which conflict style is generally regarded as the most appropriate/ideal? - ANSWER Collaboration
Which conflict style shows low concern for self and high concern for others? - ANSWER Accommodation
Which conflict style shows moderate concern for self, and moderate concern for others? - ANSWER Compromise
Which conflict style shows high concern for self and low concern for others? - ANSWER Dominant
____ occurs when the behaviors of one person intensity/escalate the behaviors of another: - ANSWER Schismogenesis
The way people act in conflict situations is due, in large part, to their individual dispositions or ways of thinking. - ANSWER True
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Misplaced conflict occurs when people get carried away and exaggerate a conflict: - ANSWER False
Conflict rarely creates uncertainty - ANSWER False
False conflicts are generally resolved with sufficient information: - ANSWER True
A high comparison level will cause us to expect/demand more from our relational partners: - ANSWER True
Conflict encourages the growth and adaptation of a system. Without conflict, a system faces the possibility of stagnation and decay: - ANSWER True
People are rarely rational about the way they "do" conflict, rarely calculating and weighing the costs and rewards: - ANSWER False
According to the textbook, the dependence of person A on person B contributes person B's power over person A. - ANSWER True
the id, superego, and ego are aspects of which theory? - ANSWER Psychodynamic
According to the textbook, which aspect "contains everything that is inherited, present at birth, or fixed in the constitution"? - ANSWER Id
Intrapersonal theories of conflict assume that the way we act in conflict is based on: - ANSWER Our individual dispositions or ways of thinking.
Which of the following are both intrapersonal theories? - ANSWER Attribution and Psychodynamics
The tendency to credit my intelligence and hard work for my successes and to blame situational factors for my failures is known as: - ANSWER Self-serving bias
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The entire confrontation process stops when an unerstanding, agreement, or resolution is arrived at. - ANSWER False
People who are assertive with one another have the greatest chance of achieving mutual satisfaction and growth in their relationship. - ANSWER True
In the S-TLC system, the L stands for - ANSWER Listening
There are how many steps in the confrontation process? - ANSWER 6
Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of goals related to conflict? - ANSWER Emotional
In the confrontation process, statements like "You can't really be angry over this!" and "I know exactly how you feel": - ANSWER Negate the uniqueness of the other person's experience.
According to the text, the confrontation process ends: - ANSWER After reevaluation.
According to the textbook, which of the following is "a state of emotional arousal that occurs when we believe that the other person is attacking us" - ANSWER Defensiveness
Considering each party's goals and applying creativity should occur as part of which component of the authors systems for dealing with conflict? - ANSWER Thinking
According to the textbook, advantages of using I-statements include all but the following: - ANSWER All of the above are advantages of using I statements.
According to the textbook, in a conflict we need to use I-statements primarily in order to - ANSWER Avoid arousing defensiveness in the other person.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of I-statements recommended by the text? - ANSWER Assumption statement
Jordan and Pat agreed on a solution to their conflict. Then they worked backward to determine the steps needed to accomplish the solution. This is an example of - ANSWER Reversal
Which of the following refers to a person's abilities and talents that actually limit the persons thinking? - ANSWER Trained incapacity
Which of the following stages of creativity occurs when a particular idea finally appears in response to a problem? - ANSWER Illumination stage.
Which of the following stages of creativity includes all you previous learnings as well as any information you gather to address the problem at hand? - ANSWER Preparation stage
Physical Violence is always more harmful and traumatizing than verbal aggression. - ANSWER False
Like conflict, violence is inevitable - ANSWER False
Dating violence is more common among late adolescents who use alcohol or marijuana - ANSWER True
Verbal conduct of a sexual nature is NOT considered sexual harrasment - ANSWER False
As many as 35 percent of high school students experience a physical altercation in a year's time. - ANSWER True
Under the right conditions, all of us may turn violent: - ANSWER True
Verbal abuse rarely plays a role in conflicts that turn physically violent - ANSWER False
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According to the textbook, which of the following skills can reduce the likelihood of violent communication? - ANSWER All of the above skills can reduce the likelihood of violent communication.
According to the textbook, which of the following refers to violence that men and women both engage in occasionally that does not become more frequent or more severe over time? - ANSWER Common couple violence
_____ describes violence that is a part of a pattern of behaviors a person engages in to exert control over his or her partner: - ANSWER Intimate terrorism.
People have power over us to the extent that we depend on them, they can affect our goal achievement, and they have the resources we need to accomplish our goals. - ANSWER True
In terms of verbal communication, dominant people do not have authority over another unless the other person grants this power to him/her. - ANSWER True
Dominant people exercise legitimate power when they rely on threats to intimidate others and stifle input. - ANSWER False
Powerful speakers tend to use fewer intensifiers, less formal grammar, and more questioning forms. - ANSWER False
Women end to interrupt more often than men do. - ANSWER False
Generally speaking, decisions made after seeking input from others are more effective than decisions made without input from others. - ANSWER True
In relationships, the person with the greatest amount of interest in maintaining the relationship typically has more power in it: - ANSWER False
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Defensive behaviors are associated with anyone, whether in positions of authority or not: - ANSWER True
Researchers classify fear of conflict as one of the five major dysfunctions of a team. - ANSWER True
___ is the ability to influence or control events: - ANSWER Power
An _____ is a message that sounds like a promise but operates like a threat because there is a penalty associated with noncompliance that may hurt the recipient - ANSWER Thromise
Interrupting others, speaking loudly, controlling the topic of conversation, saying "I expect this to be done immediately" using fewer polite forms, etc. are all examples of ___: - ANSWER Powerful speech
Speaking softly, sounding tentative, hedging, and using disclaimers and tag questions are all examples of ____ - ANSWER Powerless speech.
All of the following are true regarding conflict climate EXCEPT: - ANSWER We must be aware of the conflict climate in order for it to influence the conflict.
According to the text, the middle category between powerful and powerless speech is _____ speech. - ANSWER Neutral
Which of the following is NOT one of the strategies recommended in the text for subordinates to equalize power with superior? - ANSWER Always try to control the topic of conversation.
______ Occurs when individuals get so caught up in a situation they are experiencing that they begin to act in ways that are harmful or even illegal: - ANSWER The Lucifer Effect
_______ occurs when people are so committed to the people, goals, and or ideals of a group that they fail to engage in conflict when they should. - ANSWER Groupthink
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All of the following are TRUE regarding the concept of face EXCEPT: - ANSWER It is a stable factor of our personalities.
We try to get others to encourage, recognize, and approve our independence, privacy, and contributions. This is - ANSWER Autonomous face management.
All of the following are techniques of preventive face management EXCEPT: - ANSWER Giving an account for our behavior.
If I say, "Is this my table? No one has cleared it yet?" to indicate uncertainty and receptivity to suggestions, I am using which type of preventative facework? - ANSWER Hedging
If I indicate that I have good reasons and appropriate qualifications for the statement I am about to make (e.g. I am your mom and I care about you, so I want to say...), I am using which type of preventative facework? - ANSWER Credentializing
If I ask the other to hear me out before getting upset, I am using which type of preventative facework? - ANSWER Appeal for suspended judgment.
___ admits an offender's guilt and offer something to make up for it, while _____ are statements from an offender accepting blame and expressing regret. - ANSWER Concessions; apologies
A(n)________ is a form of account that acknowledges an offense has occurred but denies responsibility for it: - ANSWER Excuse
A(n) ________ diminishes the meaning of the offense rather than diffusing responsibility for it. - ANSWER Justification
In a relationship that we want to preserve, when we realize that we have caused the other person to lose face we should: - ANSWER Attempt a repair
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Research cited in our text book found which of the following to be TRUE about face management and computer-mediated communication? - ANSWER ALL of the above statements are true about face management and computer-mediated communication (CMC)
Not all stress is bad for us. - ANSWER True
People who are generous have a lower risk of illness and lower rates of depression - ANSWER True
In distress, we can easily point to the stressors, but in hyperstress, we can't. - ANSWER False
Research indicates that the tendency to tell jokes and stories predicts perceiving events and situaitons in one's life as more predictable and controllable. - ANSWER True
Anger for older adults (over 50) is more fequent and mroe intense - ANSWER False
Anger may be viewed as a secondary emotion, meaning that its origin is in other emotions such as fear and siaapoitment: - ANSWER True
Men and women experience anger that results in aggression in different ways - ANSWER True
Women are more often anger-ins than men - ANSWER False
Anger is unrelated to personality traits - ANSWER False
Which of the following is the most correct representation of stress? - ANSWER Both A and B
______ Is short term stress that encourages us to take more seriously and expend more energy on important activities: - ANSWER Eustress
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The truth bias makes us more vulnerable and less accurate in detecting deception when it occurs. - ANSWER True
The more involved we are with another person, the less intense our negative emotions when we discover that the person has lied to us. - ANSWER False
Emotional residues are the lingering response to transgressions, such as shock, disbelief hurt, anger, and or betrayal. - ANSWER True
According to research, the most frequent reason people give for not forgiving someone is that the other person has not admitted wrongdoing, or asked for forgiveness. - ANSWER True
People who lack empathy find it harder to forgive others. - ANSWER True
An offended person may choose to forgive without any input from the offender - ANSWER True
When a person forgives, he or she must try to forget the offense in order to move on - ANSWER False
You can forgive someone without ever telling them that they've been forgiven - ANSWER True
College-aged students who were hurt in previous dating relationships had an easier time forgiving than any other age group who had similar experiences: - ANSWER False
Researchers have found that the process of forgiving ooneself is the same as that of forgiving others. - ANSWER False
Forgiveness is linked to both mental and physical benefits - ANSWER True
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All of the following are TRUe regarding forgiveness EXCEPT: - ANSWER Forgiveness obligates us to reconcile with the offender.
Which of the following describes "The behavioral process in which we take action to restore a relationship or create a new one following forgiveness"? - ANSWER Reconciliation
Core relational rules: - ANSWER Define our expectations about the way we should behave toward others as well as the way they should behave towards us.
Which of the following is most correct? - ANSWER Reconciliation requires action by two people.
According to the text, there are reasons that people choose not to forgive. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons discussed? - ANSWER Forgiving requires reconciling.
All of the following are true EXCEPT: - ANSWER Getting a balanced amount of revenge will make up for the transgression.
Which of the following statements is true: When it comes to empathy and forgiveness, - ANSWER Men who are able to see themselves as potential offenders are more likely than women to forgive because they can see themselves as potential offenders.
According to the text, reconciliation without forgiveness: - ANSWER May create a dangerous emotional position for the victim.
Which of the following is true regarding communication's role in forgiveness? - ANSWER The victim can forgive without communicating forgiveness to the offender.
Intangible issues concern hard, physical, or observable assets that are often scarce. - ANSWER False
Your BATNA may change during a negotiation - ANSWER True
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In negotiation, the lowest identifiable amount a person is willing to concede to the other person is called ________ - ANSWER The resistance point
Mary Jane went to a car dealership to trade in her old car and purchase a new car. Before going, she decided that if the sales negotiation didn't work out, she had other options: 1) she could keep driving her old car, 2) Buy a new car from a different dealership. Which of the following best describes her thinking? - ANSWER She established her BATNA.
Our textbook explains that brainstorming, cost cutting, compensation, priortizing, and basing decisions on objective criteria can do all of the following EXCEPT: - ANSWER Help an individual focus on maximum personal gains.
Bonnie and Clyde in the library studying. Bonnie is hot and wants the window... This is most clearly an example of - ANSWER Cooperative Negotiation
Listing all possible solutions regardless of their feasibility is part of - ANSWER Brainstorming
__________ (Also referred to as logrolling) is a process in which each side grants to the other those issues or objects that the other gives top priority - ANSWER Prioritizing
Fair market value, going rates, precedent, professional standards, and expert opinion are all examples of
- ANSWER Objective criteria.
_____ Is a matter of breaking the problem down into its smallest pieces, and then dealing with each piece one at a time. - ANSWER Fractionation
Mediation is usually more satisfying, cheaper, and faster than litigation: - ANSWER True
Mediators always maintain decision-making power regarding the final outcome of the mediation: - ANSWER False
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Obligations are a form of rules that tell us what we had better not say in a certain situation - ANSWER False
When people know the rules, they tend to conform to them - ANSWER True
Mediators should begin with the most difficult issues to resolve, leaving the easiest issues for last. - ANSWER False
In mediation, disputants must agree on the feasibility of the solution before the mediation process can conclude - ANSWER True
While drafting the final agreement, mediators should comment positively about areas of agreement - ANSWER False
Whenever possible, mediators should set a future date with the conflict parties to review and evaluate the final agreement and compliance with it - ANSWER True
In which form of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) do a neutral judge and jury in the legal system hear attorneys and then decide a case? - ANSWER Adjudication
In which for of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) does a neutral party practice "shuttle diplomacy" y going back and forth between conflicting parties who are unable (for whatever reason) to meet together? - ANSWER Conciliation
In which form of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) does a neutral party facilitate communication between conflicting parties so that they may work out their own mutually acceptable agreement? - ANSWER Mediation
In which form of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) does a neutral party (not necessarily a judge) consider both sides of a dispute and make a decision (often more binding than a decision made by a judge in the legal system) - ANSWER Arbirtration
