Download Chemical Thermodynamics study material and more Study notes Heat and Mass Transfer in PDF only on Docsity!
i"i
Ur*14tr,ttt
.:-.------+ : lr
.,. Q)
::t (^) i tt'
:\
..i
:::i
) YdNiL'I
f4'g AI
A-->1u,ei
.1 tr
kcus s^ -orftc L
(o,
-- (^) -_- -r-:at.::,..;t-^ :1,:1-l
3
A
-h
KCe
t rr 'arr-*-J
)
bxllarr-' a[ Ir.st€A*^
b1".i'-
lei-xq:,f;[H;^",t
__t?)
bk,*J1 bi#^e.'^
'/vdr'!r^t
?cr-q&-k6ov-
o?^
#"*,
v"
AF
1.*t
L
dv
T
i t:
6i:
f.
:,1,.)
n"l"5u6} ohye.^
ey*iow:-
1,Lc,-
Q,) (^) -
lLco-
co.)
beviJion
'%: {c-i-c,t (^) )
e =^
(c"-0,)
q cL
-%fo
kvG =
fu^,Lq.$|sll@
FLS )
.::
L/s
s-|cs:+{tot
--Lq (^) )
fo.c,qt*lotiJ
kah*
166,9= rtc.
+-+_
S,?"I-o"l,PJ
"OrO"rt--6^o.lr,Coe heur"*U
+ kvCCo- 6t)
, vd^ Cc'-c")
al
-13 (^) )
It
t=Lr'{rcsrJ
I
-qb
L- \
Jn
v
SinqL
Co:
qb
7L$ z^ r
[+
tI,]
5
l*
lt
/s-q
nl ..--
gnt
I
Bhq'
s
J,
Lsv:-
s1-qL
$-e"
(slcP1L
8-q
[s-ollr*
b
GFbz
trtl]7r
HA) 'Gr[s^1
l:4t?)dt
i)
{+-x\t'>dz
*Cr+r)--{el
f'rr
d" Lr)
{ntr,
tT d'^ Lctt d+ --o
r ;s7-- l
sF6)
Ntrt
saF6s: - s|^
(oF
1'
to (^) )
a'. ii
r:Ji
t'
i':
t.'
gnr[s)-
sk'l (^) -g+1'to). (^) ^-,
B
'
' -'- (^) J(*"o'-t[o
g$;
t roo.L
eqto6uf
e
*hsi"
uu
C=
ftv)
<-
"
.k
--:zl
z
5
f-s2-
. (^) ,"4.:: .;.3::_a.a.::-;. (^) .,
p
PM/=.
,
^(
-ro./o-
w
tY+.^r€{ct*.
fur1c'^c
\
/
#Y,
/
tao
ittol*'ric-i?
ry
O,l/^
lso ct"'."rt c-
tP ta."r-^-{
-Ad^i*^rtc-
'ury
4*f"'F
rtddfi-
. sd
e
c'a;;*a;'
;,*
v{
{tr
6\
c'--'
:
tg"r"r*^C.i-
(x,^t'oplc-
d.,s =--
,, (^) ;''
,-:--:i-l (^) - .:i-_.: : i-: (^) - (^) -f. (^) - *:aa:; .: ;:-: (^) -. :- i :
4
11""^dlvu,,ru)6'--
$
Er^: ot^
S
to
kr (^) kc"J
S[,"
= 0[e
rtI
r
Jrt[ (^) ^,
=
lj tt^1"^ =
t"' o,^ ctosod s^dAlcr
ydrp"f
qry (^) thrvrnot**,i (^) c r^$r,c,ylz
i (^) nt
lm-l
d[- ]^r6uk^ x^ crrcltc^ rt[.4#a-[^
l,a"I , (^) y flioporfion"-l
[o
eadt" otkzr DhEn
eiiprr^taiY't
twrirr <ldn unih ).^ ato-^ elr"i^ l,o
ec.ch olfu,t .t^rhm^
exg"essed
in (^) tt s
Cnnsislenl trnik
.
[*rot"
(rlzc )
L
Jo"ln
I
rr"ro
.,N,
l: rEe)A^
*lrn(re)cv
Ir" ct^
a)o+
_Si
[to ).
J,' t^
\a,)o
c,
^)"
=
JI
J
t
L
(lo)u-
r{r
q)u
[j
rao ).
(r'" I (^) ,
jcsot.
lo L
cthlc
Iso-[ru)s (^) = (^) I
( so (^) - Eb)a
<J
t S (^) O -S")^
-+ (^) t"/rye^"l.^l
"t-
P"Fh'
-\
I
L" p'J fu "i.,*rratvnro
rn.Darztu
rr r , (^) ^r.r
(^6) |"il.
,J (^) pl4j &[.r^hJ
t (^) lt'"l (^) eTt.o du
S0- [t^r= otv^ J->Br.rss
Nan d-laxr
eur^ytr .f"
,Q, ril> :
\
-V,
fQs zCI: -Vs-V:
rO,
3
0t
V'
-\l'
$dq-$du;o
'\I.
,(&rLl','"?^rocass (^) i
le"t"*Eml
pv r (^) Relu}on
Herl. (^) frrCI zO
$rdv
t $odr=o
Puf
-L I.,
i
Tv'-t (^) = f,
f;
;E (^) =-'L
I^
Pdv tCy6l'1 z^ O
Pv
,=- (^) R-t-
P votP^ + VclP
;- (^) Rdr
dr. .^^ pydl^
+ vd^
p
'iY{-
Pdv t^ Cv (^) Potv +v
dp
=-O r{-
:
RPdvt (^) cytpcrvtvdp=-o
tC+-cv)Pdv r (^) cv (^) tpdv+vdP)=o
Cp PAul^ t Cv^
VdP= o
9p
"tv
_r Wd?-
ze
cv
Pv
qTv
./+t
zo
+J*
"t%r
=
L
,FtnV
ln
PVYI =)n
L
I@
Pv*=L
PV
&ayar"
-;- ^tL
V
t:
r:t i
..i
if:
t
,
r]+
,:-:-l
pz-
il_-
olv
c-
yv
-Y-l
( (^) c-Y)v
- (^) :-: -..-:-. (^) :...,...,,.;.---:,::,1.:;:]..t."i:;;;;;;i*;;:;:-"ji.:,::g;ii;
q,
z (^) L?, )t'
(-*)tv-'-i
t
I
:;:) ::/
:':.
::.- '.a-/
.-i
.: (^) .}
;
.,)
::l
I
.i:j]
-:;'
I
; :::t
.:)
:.. 't^ : ._:J
'{,
' (^) in
ihlfiL^-[ e,*rtr-t
lwt-
frVr-
P,V,
z
twt
t-Y
R tTr^ -Tr)
T-l
Hert
{-re,"+.4"
$q z^
6u
? tNz*
e,lv
Crdr
Ue-ur z (^) Cv Crz-I, )
t
ucrrrk (^) drlrrL
Jsr
z-
Jeav
ltrrz Jrrg-d'=J: cvJ"J,
ruz
2_ L^
L$-1"
tw>=
k
Itr'"'-
u,-"n']
L- PvY
tw t-=^
++
[
p,v} u;t*t
p, uI v;*'
]
twr
z
Lp,u,.
-p,v,
I
P,V, -?rY,
Y-l
,-:..
-r (^) dv
N-vr
1,"
\ ovt (^) -,
,
rs,
':_.)
a, i
i+:
:.tl
:::)
i:i
O)
'-.:
',:'J
rr- jl
.,,; ltgl\
'a
i -.:-,
Bt.
k"
..
qffir'^*e.uxt"Ll
R (^) -- f-
=
B'3lt{ v<1l}*rdt
@
A (^) 9oo
clrrrl.un (^) ln (^) a e^]1^Jn9, tn cwr,,plv>tnA. fitu-t^>ort(
E{u\Ed
i<
d
hJ co:n^oltDDio^ iD SSuD t.x -Nuzu,j fi- (^) cro(ass l- inlrtc.Jian
at zou,, i<.1 cauou .tl.r (^) srpurou",ofir"d t, d ,reald. (^) Tt- (^) c-lnay in
inlcrilrs,.l (^) ey*W
dlv.x rr^" 1;6,ru^
q,
tuz-u, )^ Q,
tdor+( tEuitacl^
ls2 (^) = -^
So-rrD. (^) I'iI.^
sryl4fl*
rez,
louo kx i
.-Tr-r.oa
;)
)
l
,&)
rQz- thz =
(ur-
r, )
-26tD+SoirD (^) = Luz-u,)-
t
Vu-
)
3.ruD k]
Nituy^ (^) a-l- (^) aninihal ttob, rf e lD bar.) Lrns r- 66DK^ i,^ er?qh&d.
idolt^,['rr,ll6 (^) +a tt"q,^ v"L" c$ (^) ,-"p .Ir--
(^) pvr t,?*"
h
lo. ft)u^
z (^) Q.r e>o
I-
fi""l
pFerD^rE,^rilt bc
a.)^ (^5 bart-
\yf>s bo.tL
e-i
=
5 b"sc
d)
Car,rr'llu. ar,crlt:,i^rd^
rn tt*
akumc.c-
valru- af^ a-^
[e,*ft)r-
[e,-+ *)
r r_
a
4
=?t
?,, zlo^ ba:",
Vl
l-r.*
Tr z3cnch
tly
"1-ms'
Lo.q'
l0 -r^ Cl
)r,
l
t:
f:t' ,t ,: :
t
I i t
I l-,. Ei ii- !:.' t
3+L
2-
s*#
Q) + rxr'^oqlDrnlc^ i&r.[ qr>
N,A ,t.t.6?^ tf4,
dr-z
q o.^
t, L6r,p,rty-r)
ool4'a,bah4-t
{rr
o.ulv Po,^ 3cru (^) I (^) lo a,
t'l?o,.^ Txz"krartr c[-^ cr^g,rator
lt*
ff-;
ki& Lr*r)
q
:
_
UU
twLn
?,\ t - ?r\lt
-Tr-
T, iI,
,-P,+=.;ffi
'Aq-"
Cp- a tleT
Cu- bt trT
z_ (^) m & Lr,^ -^
Tz)
t.,
u*riWn ,^.
v-r r/LH
z (^) ,t 1r.3t{ (^) ,. /:co-3oux;+t )
2 'tT;J'
-{ . -hon-
-la
1"6?-
I '
i
=, -^ Lq.E3?[^
:',
M^"-[rrp
'rr..h-tttohp (^) beh^r e;"n
-T-
Z\f ho^
a&"t"li.
?rclctto-
Tv#l=.1=
$q
o
z (^) 8r^r +du
'
o (^) - ?d\t-tcvdT
e= (^) ?N Ney{
, (^) 4v.- +E-
d't
!
ry
'$ pt
v
,r'rnktah',n.
,' ,..
' l**tfu^
hr =)^c
.Cv R lCp-tv.R
E=
,\Fi) ,,
-L="
' t-'=
Ba
4' )-,
t
t
i
I
I
a
ptt= LT
I f+r.t
,[rv +^ )nt^ -^
Gr )Jn^
c
)r"\G')+'lnTzJnk'
9:gta'z-g
[4-b)
-T
(q-ut
dv
V
:
r''- i: :a
".-l
,
:ll
6'a 5
8:
faa , \r, (^) E-
dv +bdl+
Vr-f
hkffi^X.
Btt
>o
'lv .) L$or{*- d$,rrt
b,j*.
lNz=
?
a
?d
L
!z'
tr
Lv
t 's)^ =
.
-vl)
a
6o
tQz =
v{n^ u"Aa-^ Av^
6t^l+aLU
r[z-t(Ur-U,)
=
Ptvr -Y, )^ t^
rn Cu^
(.fr-T
)
=mt"hr-lt)
*- (^) k(I>-T,)
.:_ (^) tnff 4r)t^ te+cv )
:i
i: ,] :-:- (^) '' (.-:,:; (^) :
:
.,}
:
I
I
r
I
g,{r"t'
?2Yy.v79!.
f1 Vr:-vr,fa.T,
t^tt^"lgr--r=k (^) ^
U:
1
i 1)
:
tS ki |
':\ (^1) ..:, :
!. ,,_l: ,- (^) E
\ry E, I+ E] E9 &l
L1%uss:
0rnolqnl V.r{u'r. Socr.ss '
V =-V 2
i -'.
i,i
l4rrr.^t inctreaaro
trp-t^'[tnLt<a,aq,
!--=C-6^"1qr*-
-r
l)3wr (^) Re-tahcng'ilP-
r- @
8
_?
It Ty
,Atrrye
do/av
viltolo.^*
)vz-o
=_
o(
tt n*ts
r dU z
mCrclr
ffi ' (^) ''r' 1r
C"lrz Sql,^ b of^ pr.[uu"ri"
'uvr/- &tr"b "*t
iv) t,o6ut(^
dann- :- {t6,. : l,ban rQz =^ ,^ cur-q, 1 8O " mcvc[T f2rrb va(a'"t^ = Cv
5') ?6tu h,oDi.^ ?rtoc-ess^
: -.---:j -
P Vh: ls
i r 1 l:i ; t'. i: E: ts: n: B. .P
V)
tr*t Tttq"o
FnCv [Tz-r,^ ) n \ (^) !rp,.ve &tlexnt v"l^ro'dlp'tndg
u?on ha"cirnn't"l'6f
l* l fht,".^ ' ir (^) P-v-r Rlrho^shp i- ({.>
Pvn=
K e') ;H -k!' il) P-v^ &o.flerha:- Pvh=11 I P=-t<v-h^ ^ W$l:{ & t<C+rr (^) v-r
) LnlLrf'"-t)
dvv'
n ( At^"{-
6! 0-sott"6.1ri^ Ou,.'-*A
t 1o
pvLk t{ *u P,V, , (^) foYoo i-a9, "n[4
V vvl
'r*^rlAkJ
e$nhrrrurz-
"hrd"rvrr,
V (^) t, dl,wdtL (^) unb +,ro e4t"t @
!*lh tq^ apnrhlion.&rg^
biAl,-'u tvfii,^ vcrc&tot^
alhiL flry- oitrtlu $"ta- lu, lmil
i''3 'i
4'o^u.orJ ff ?tr-rdhDl"^t Y i1* f.'nft*Klfl
u j
i
'&ruhfi,rQuzo
W
,s
W pJrzO
!
f.)
"f"U,
-o+,*l
T^p- ut-^
tt*-
nao
in
tr^r-. lonyat"tt' 'o
)qsr
T
i
4ro
o e)
rqg (^) K o1.>^
tann*b'
<itnn YA'
i:
:'
ni.r
jl ;
ffi.
' (^) ,
Qr-
r[2,
,0r-$r=, (^) O
:
Luffl-T')'o
('.,
----- : (^) Uo T'JTi>u^ ./t
tvrr,uo.05?rn
L ir"f'roltA
+o (^) ScDKPorScrDkafla
o> A^ p.lt^ aar.l.{be-^
.r{ vdtu*,^
0'u:.'"-^3"1:.ffi;."#i"or^L-
.J
h* cn'nl^^
Ja*'' (^) h;;
rni- P-''"f''i*
{'J*'inwcar
.
B3o t(^
Fl
. Asstrp. air,-.oo^
", tJ!'^
.,aD
anJ[
CY --
qt (^) J li-tft '^ TB
c]ropaaa
t (^) )
tn
.rn\ernnl
erwwl+ air.
drn--, #;
r/,',r{
"'iiigwfi60'o
:i
"|ryo
J6Lla/'*l"u
vr*g.6s?n3:c,o.otqJ
i'J
?t z'3aD^
k Pq^
?t
Z3o kPq^
i')
i
, (^) Tr
z- }UDl"-
{Yz (^) &
9
'
(
Lv 6
=2L
a 4.^6k
q
?, ?z- .)z'-- !A
-T, -Tz-^
.,
i',:,)
, (^) at:Bb k
i:)
Qr-l)t= C.rtT;-Tr)^ (:;.
-- 2ff[\bo-3so^ )^ i:,; i
-z
ibo
fuxV/
r,)
. *^
,, r. ,
'j i'
1#1#:l ={
i; fi&?,h#ffi^ irgi I
{*,r"
*wW
uo\r*- v+^ I^
r i
i
G
'sg
B!
i-i- \id
..:.
,-
:,
I::'
,fl
rx
?-?:
..:.
:l
r:.. :J
:: ai
PLr-b) =
Rif
,tpza Qifl"S
&t Jn^
U{a-
,o
_&r$.hr,
t\zpJ$*,
= 3f^ *do
z (^) s'Il
=* rr"-i*rfl
=ki"H
i
e> {"r
ttu- c"o[.ioLli.^ e"poio,^ rt-
A^ 1p,^^^
D.ihil o^Jixan^
P'v (^) ,
Io
,
$YJ
conej.r\iu"
l JL'
lo"ich
15n^
'i-
t*'-t
{alo^oi,
1J'fi6 i;
J'- -
Tz-
r,P
hE:
:
?,#- !
?, I ._T,
e)Rry
h^r- hco^ PalhD
ot>
'clurron
t" *^&?^
to
c.r^oi7- ltt
AI"*
dya's;cfc"n
{t-'
A}o-g'
a) AU
/Q/
N euY-^
tktvag'
/t.) Au^ ta^ /\bir\t-
e) 0,
ro (^) aM Mxw'
o) ou,Q mr^
d,'lfdn+
&rl"H
;
z (^) &T [ [n^ Lvl-b)-Jn^
Lv;-u)l
,: (^).
. ':)
r (^) ')
..;)
r')
- (^) ,|
.::f
:1:':: :.:
i.ti I
i:'i:)
:_: _l
l.r,,i
.' ,i.l
i: \
'a:. (^) :
'.
'i: l
?y
--n
I 'renrurnibL^ &^ cn^ )
l. f,
:
i
i j
i
/rArr*aoi.
t. li l' ll
l'
i I I
i I I
i I
F I I .t.
F, F:
t I
t- I
E
ru
,'l
\kd
(-'.,uolau
rt:)
-Fr
:1 :P s.""ck
ih,trrn tr
;
ewalru.*
fto;
Opern &r^t *
0
Slcat.flol"c
€*rt
lhn"hcud
PV
frw
g'*qX
**#
kJ
/>k d^)
th") (^) r!
-a (^) - - -
J
crnl,olwtqtne til,
W,
?osthrr* 6rrnl4a
;
:r'-:).
,;s,
:- ]
.',:J,.
' :t :
"t.:rt)
: l:\
,:: (^) I.
i:: (^) -J
.i:.r ts-;.i/
'i. .t
't.',.'
/: a.r I :.
'I :\
I :.
:t'
.:.: i:.-a
(r (^) + 89 =
enTh,lpu
)
r"}a! (^) ,*{l=
Qcr.f'r'r-
obserta'
+J
ctl {cp,r
; fi** (^) h,lh"l?I , frl)-tr^ ,*tA q vvlu4 ail^ a^
{r,.,o0.*"tl
i,] g'ap-uAA.^
'('
.,
,
H (^) = U'IPV
h,
U, +P,V
,4r-
U? te'Vz
btz-H r (^) = [rr]-ur ) + b=Vr-
p,V,
)
=-
fuk -1)+ n^
tT2*T1)
H = U*PV
Uz-Ur
(vt'tr-I )
a- (c"^ te ) tTz-Tr )
&r"'==t;
tr'-r' ) (^) '+K;
d!'*he ?=k
' 8e =hdr
dH, cpdT
h,
rQ"+,
(mr-vi.*3,.,)
1E
.*- ; !
= rNsr+"tyr$**err)
{*i
aia.
tQz-'rN)
Prz
unil n{aio
..r ...,:..
t\y (^) - t*oL=
(hr-h,
)
ry* A
t
"-
rsrn-
t\1S +^ fla) =-^ twr*
rnCh,+
[tr.r-nl* (^) ry.t
gLz,-2,{
x
't*.t-
lt
It'
Llanz-
?(
hrtn'
thr+rn/r
:
:
t
I
I
., a-
2-
e-
X=,)+",("!
+X/) lNz
t (^) ry1rr (ur+v!a
7 Art^ )
(r)
f..l
'.
l -r-J
Sftr
C-,w*t
b-ffift"Jion
,&nnejirv.r ir^,^ q,/.f\r<\fl*!^
*ardX
S*P^^t
t"\X
1
Qr+ r",,h,^ +rn' u{^
= iilte^
t 17!r
fiffi^fl&g+,-
s- 9;.lenw"$l.r-
P',ocrJs'
Th*ttuY i^^ Qrr t",paha,km
kithsil- Btnq^ a\ €nlnn'Al
fuo^gt" o^
nanasrt
"r'"ttd P**ff'
,*tt,
undrsu (^) o.dra,balir' cr''dilt'*ta'
c.,);,
c,t"*d Volraa
