Cardiovascular system, Summaries of Anatomy

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THE CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM

Presented by:

Sahil Rashid

Bibhab Malakar

Kingshuk Sandliya

Mahid Mozundar

COMPONENTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Heart

• (^) A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
• (^) Contain four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
• (^) Acts as the central pump of the circulatory system.
  • Arteries: carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
  • (^) Veins : return oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
  • (^) Capillaries: microscopic vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs.

Blood Vessels

Blood

• (^) Plasma: fluid that transports nutrients, hormones and waste products.
• (^) Red Blood Cells(RBCs): carries oxygen.
• (^) White Blood Cells(WBCs): fight against infections.
• (^) Platelets: assists in blood clotting.

FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

 Transportation

 (^) Oxygen and nutrients distribution to cells  (^) Removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic byproducts.

 Regulation

 (^) Maintains body temperature through heat distribution.  (^) Helps regulate pH levels and electrolyte balance in the body.  (^) It aids the immune system by transporting while blood cells and antibodies.  (^) It helps to ensure proper clotting to prevent too much blood loss in case of an injury.

 Hormone Distribution

 (^) It transports hormones from glands to target organs, allowing different body system to have easier communication.

 Maintenance of Homeostasis

 (^) It maintains favorable internal conditions for normal cellular functioning.

 Protection

BLOOD CIRCULATION PATHWAYS

 Systemic circulation

 (^) Picks oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle into the body through the aorta.  (^) Supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.  (^) Brings back oxygen- poor blood to right atrium though veins, superior and inferior vena cava.

 Pulmonary Circulation

 (^) Pumps oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle into the lungs through pulmonary arteries.  (^) In the lungs, carbon dioxide is expelled and oxygen is inhaled into the body.  (^) Oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium through pulmonary veins.

 Coronary Circulation

 (^) Oxygenated blood is supplied to the heart muscle itself through coronary veins.  (^) Deoxygenated blood is removed from the heart tissue by the coronary veins.

 Capillary exchange

 (^) Occurs in the systemic and pulmonary capillaries.  (^) This process allows for nutrient, gas and waste exchange between blood and tissues.

MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS

 Arteries

 (^) Aorta: this is the largest artery, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.  (^) Pulmonary Arteries: these bring oxygen-deficient blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

 Veins

 (^) Superior Vena Cava: this brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.  (^) Inferior Vena Cava: this brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.  (^) Pulmonary Veins: these bring oxygenated blood from the lungs

to the left atrium.

 Capillaries

 Small vessels where the

exchange of oxygen,

nutrients and wastes occurs

between blood and tissues.

 Other Important Blood Vessels

 (^) Coronary Arteries: carry blood to the heart muscle itself.  (^) Carotid Arteries: carries blood to the brain and head.  (^) Jugular Vein: drains blood from the brain and head to the heart.

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

 Healthy Diet

 (^) Eating a balanced diet.  (^) Limit saturated fats, trans fats and added sugar.  (^) Reduce salt.

 Regular exercise

 (^) Such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming.

 Quit Smoking and Reduce

Alcohol Intact.

 Stress Management

 (^) Maintain proper work-life balance to avoid chronic stress.  (^) Try relaxation techniques such as yoga , meditation, etc.

 Regular Health Check-Ups

 (^) Regularly check blood pressure, cholesterol level and blood sugar.  (^) Consult with physician if experiencing chest pain or breathlessness.

 Sufficient Sleep

 (^) Good sleep can maintain the health of the heart.

 Fluid Intake

 (^) Drink enough water to allow normal blood flow and not suffer from dehydration.

CONCLUSION

 The cardiovascular system is the one that continues to sustain life by

providing oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste product.

 The basic parts of the system are the heart, blood vessels and blood that

help ensure general health and homeostasis.

 Proper care through a healthy diet, regular exercise and lifestyle

modification is essential to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

 Knowing how the cardiovascular system works is important, along with

being conscious of its significance, enables us to make better choices in

protecting and optimizing our heart health.

 A healthy heart and circulatory system is the key to longevity and active life- they must

be cared for by everyone.