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Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Questions: Cardiovascular, Exams of Nursing

The Courtauld Institute of Art, University of LondonNursing

A series of multiple-choice questions focused on cardiovascular medical-surgical nursing. It covers various topics, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and unstable angina. Each question is followed by the correct answer, providing a valuable resource for nursing students and professionals seeking to review and reinforce their knowledge in this area.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/05/2025

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[Cardiovascular] Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Questions
1. A patient with an average blood pressure of 145/100 will begin treatment for
hypertension. In discussing possible modifiable risk factors with this patient, the nurse
correctly identifies which of the following?
A. Male younger than age 55
B. African-American ethnicity
C. High dietary sodium intake
D. Parents' history of MI and CA Correct Answer C
2. A patient with long-standing hypertension will begin the DASH Diet (Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension) to help lower the blood pressure. The nurse discusses
some possible food choices with the patient, including which of the following foods that
best reflect the principles of the DASH Diet?
A. Fish, broccoli, brown rice
B. Lean steak, green beans, hash brown potatoes
C. Thin-crust cheese pizza and salad with low-calorie dressing
D. Frozen low-calorie meal Correct Answer A
3. A 60-year-old patient is assessed in the emergency department for com- plaints of
shortness of breath, dizziness, and palpitations. An EKG shows an irregular rhythm with
a normal QRS complex but no P waves. Based on these findings, the nurse recognizes
the patient's rhythm as Correct Answer
A. first-degree heart block.
B. atrial flutter.
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[Cardiovascular] Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Questions

  1. A patient with an average blood pressure of 145/100 will begin treatment for hypertension. In discussing possible modifiable risk factors with this patient, the nurse correctly identifies which of the following? A. Male younger than age 55 B. African-American ethnicity C. High dietary sodium intake D. Parents' history of MI and CA Correct Answer C
  2. A patient with long-standing hypertension will begin the DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) to help lower the blood pressure. The nurse discusses some possible food choices with the patient, including which of the following foods that best reflect the principles of the DASH Diet? A. Fish, broccoli, brown rice B. Lean steak, green beans, hash brown potatoes C. Thin-crust cheese pizza and salad with low-calorie dressing D. Frozen low-calorie meal Correct Answer A
  3. A 60-year-old patient is assessed in the emergency department for com- plaints of shortness of breath, dizziness, and palpitations. An EKG shows an irregular rhythm with a normal QRS complex but no P waves. Based on these findings, the nurse recognizes the patient's rhythm as Correct Answer A. first-degree heart block. B. atrial flutter.

C. second-degree heart block type 1. D. atrial fibrillation. Correct Answer D

  1. A patient with mitral valve disease is admitted to a medical unit with fever, chills, shortness of breath, malaise, and a newly developed cardiac murmur. Based on the patient's new diagnosis of endocarditis, the nurse will begin preparing him for discharge by teaching about Correct Answer A. lifestyle modifications. B. warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. C. (^) self-administration of IV antibiotics. D. the need for fluid restriction. Correct Answer C
  2. The nurse is caring for a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy.The patient asks, "How could I have gotten this condition?" The nurse's response is based on knowledge that cardiomyopathy may be associated with which of the following in the patient's medical history?

A. cardiomyopathy. B. mitral value stenosis. C. heart failure. D. atherosclerosis. Correct Answer C

  1. Constance Parsons, age 65, is transferred to a medical telemetry unit after several days in the coronary care unit for treatment of an acute MI. Ms. Parsons remains very anxious, with occasional episodes of chest pressure. Which medication does the nurse prepare for Ms. Parsons to decrease her anxiety and improve cardiac output? A. Nitroprusside (Nipride)

B. Diazepam (Valium) C. Morphine sulfate (MS) D. Dopamine (Intropin) Correct Answer C

  1. Constance Parsons, age 65, is transferred to a medical telemetry unit after several days in the coronary care unit for treatment of an acute MI. Ms. Parsons remains very anxious, with occasional episodes of chest pressure. The nurse closely monitors Ms. Parsons for which common complication of MI? A. Cardiogenic shock B. Dysrhythmias C. Valvular rupture D. Cardiac tamponade Correct Answer B
  2. Constance Parsons, age 65, is transferred to a medical telemetry unit after several days in the coronary care unit for treatment of an acute MI. Ms. Parsons remains very anxious, with occasional episodes of chest pressure. On the next vital signs assessment, the nurse notes Ms. Parson's temperature has risen to 100.4F.The nurse interprets this finding as most likely Correct Answer A. evidence of pericarditis. B. evidence of infection. C. due to myocardial injury. D. due to sustained dehydration. Correct Answer C
  3. Constance Parsons, age 65, is transferred to a medical telemetry unit after several

lisinopril (Prinivil) 20 mg by mouth twice daily; digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.125 mg by mouth twice daily; furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg by mouth daily; potassium chloride (K-Dur) 20 mEq by mouth twice daily. The nurse will interpret Mr. Harrison to immediately report which acute symp- tom? A. Frequent urination B. Nausea C. Diarrhea D. Shortness of breath Correct Answer D

  1. Albert Harrison, age 64, has been diagnosed with heart failure as a result of a recent anterior wall myocardial infarction. He is being transferred from the critical care area to the medical-surgical unit. Current medications include lisinopril (Prinivil) 20 mg by mouth twice daily; digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.125 mg by mouth twice daily; furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg by mouth daily; potassium chloride (K-Dur) 20 mEq by mouth twice daily. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority in Mr. Harrison's immedi- ate cardiac care? A. Monitoring fluid intake and output B. Allowing frequent family visits C. Assessing the patient's knowledge of the disease D. (^) Encouraging coughing and deep breathing Correct Answer A
  2. Albert Harrison, age 64, has been diagnosed with heart failure as a result of a recent anterior wall myocardial infarction. He is being transferred from the critical care

area to the medical-surgical unit. Current medications include lisinopril (Prinivil) 20 mg by mouth twice daily; digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.125 mg by mouth twice daily; furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg by mouth daily; potassium chloride (K-Dur) 20 mEq by mouth twice daily. The nurse's assessment of Mr. Harrison's response to digoxin will include which of the following as the most common early indicator of toxicity? A. Anorexia B. Diarrhea C. Headache D. Confusion Correct Answer A

C. Daily weights D. Carbohydrate elimination Correct Answer C

  1. Teresa Pratt, age 72, has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of unstable angina. She is receiving oxygen at 3 liters per minute by nasal cannula and has a saline lock in place.Telemetry monitoring indicates sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 112 beats per minute. Ms. Pratt also has sublingual nitroglycerin at the bedside for her use as needed. Based on this patient's diagnosis, the nurse caring for Ms. Pratt expects the patient will Correct Answer A. only experience chest pain with strenuous activity.

B. have unpredictable frequency or intensity of symptoms. C. present with pathologic Q-waves on her cardiac rhythm strip. D. exhibit altered contractility of her ventricles. Correct Answer B

  1. Teresa Pratt, age 72, has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of unstable angina. She is receiving oxygen at 3 liters per minute by nasal cannula and has a saline lock in place.Telemetry monitoring indicates sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 112 beats per minute. Ms. Pratt also has sublingual nitroglycerin at the bedside for her use as needed. Ms. Pratt's rapid heart rate may be a problem primarily because it Correct Answer A. places her at risk for pulmonary embolism. B. often causes extreme shortness of breath. C. results in altered cardiac output. D. further narrows her coronary arteries. Correct Answer C
  2. Teresa Pratt, age 72, has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of unstable angina. She is receiving oxygen at 3 liters per minute by nasal cannula and has a saline lock in place.Telemetry monitoring indicates sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 112 beats per minute. Ms. Pratt also has sublingual nitroglycerin at the bedside for her use as needed. The nurse teaches Ms. Pratt about use of nitroglycerin. Following the teaching, it is most important for the patient to Correct Answer A. indicate she will call for help if three nitroglycerin tablets do not relieve her pain.
  1. A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with right-sided heart failure and admitted to the medical-surgical unit. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse will expect assessment to include which of the following findings? A. Dyspnea on exertion and bibasilar crackles B. Dependent edema and hepatic engorgement C. Distended veins and systolic murmur D. Cool extremities and weak peripheral pulses Correct Answer B
  2. A patient is admitted to the hospital after experiencing substernal chest pain for 2 hours. Which laboratory study does the nurse recognize as most useful in determining if the patient has experienced as MI? A. Complete blood count (CBC) with differential B. C-reactive protein (CRP) C. Troponin D. Homocysteine Correct Answer C
  3. The priority nursing intervention for a patient with suspected MI is Correct Answer A. auscultating for adventitious breath sounds. B. monitoring fluid and electrolyte status. C. preventing thrombi and emboli. D. (^) providing appropriate analgesia. Correct Answer D
  4. A patient scheduled for heart catheterization learns the right radial artery will be accessed rather than the femoral artery.The patient asks the nurse, "Could you tell me about the two access options?" The nurse's response is based on knowledge that

Correct Answer A. femoral catheterization has less risk of internal bleeding. B. external bleeding can be easily controlled with radial catheterization. C. the patient is able to sit up immediately following femoral catheterization. D. the patient can resume normal activity immediately after radial catheteriza- tion Correct Answer B

  1. The nurse is assessing a patient with left-sided heart failure.The nurse recognizes the most common clinical finding of this condition as Correct Answer A. S3 gallop. B. sinus bradychardia. C. fever. D. ascites. Correct Answer A

A. Eats fast food twice a week. B. Drinks one beer daily. C. Walks for 30 minutes daily. D. Has body mass index of 24. Correct Answer A

  1. A male patient tells the nurse he has stopped taking his beta blocker because it interfered with his social life.Which comment by the nurse is most appropriate in response to the patient's statement? A. "Often these drugs cause fatigue, but a dosage adjustment can correct this side effect." B. (^) "What exactly do you mean by social life?" C. "Many men stop taking their blood pressure medications due to changes in sexual functioning. Have you had this problem?"

D. "Never stop taking blood pressure medication suddenly because this can be dangerous." Correct Answer C

  1. Calvin Whittle, age 50, is admitted with complaints of severe pressure in his chest and shortness of breath. He is stabilized and scheduled for cardiac catheterization with possible percutaneous coronary intervention. During the pre-procedure instructions, Mr. Whittle asks the nurse to review the reasons for cardiac catheterization. The nurse's response is based on understanding that the procedure is performed to Correct Answer A. determine if any blockages are present in the coronary arteries and test for sensitivity to thrombolytic agents. B. measure the amount of blood being pumped from his heart with each beat. C. determine if any valvular malformations are present in his heart. D. dilate any obstructed arteries with a small balloon and place a stent. Correct Answer D
  2. Calvin Whittle, age 50, is admitted with complaints of severe pressure in his chest and shortness of breath. He is stabilized and scheduled for cardiac catheterization with possible percutaneous coronary intervention. Which of the following is the most critical assessment the nurse should perform before Mr. Whittle's cardiac catheterization? A. Peripheral pulse rates B. Height and weight C. Allergy to iodine or shellfish

C. Stress management D. 1 hour of daily aerobic exercise Correct Answer B

  1. Calvin Whittle, age 50, is admitted with complaints of severe pressure in his chest and shortness of breath. He is stabilized and scheduled for cardiac catheterization with possible percutaneous coronary intervention. At discharge, the nurse instructs Mr. Whittle about the use of a transdermal nitroglycerin patch. Following instruction, the nurse will ask the patient to verbalize understanding of the need to Correct Answer A. use gloves to apply and remove the patch. B. monitor for rebound hypertension after patch application. C. use safety measures because of the related risk for bleeding. D. change the patch before taking his sildenafil (Viagra). Correct Answer A
  2. The nurse is providing instruction on a low-sodium diet for a patient with a heart failure. Which of the following would the nurse indicate has the highest sodium content? A. 3 oz. skinless chicken breast B. 6 oz. fat-free fruit yogurt C. 1 tbsp. low-fat mayonnaise D. 3 tbsp. parmesean cheese Correct Answer D
  3. (^) The nurse correctly recognizes the most effective treatment for ventricular fibrillation as Correct Answer A. amiodarone (Cordarone).

B. atenolol (Tenormin). C. defibrillation. D. cardiac catheterization. Correct Answer C

  1. Following recovery from an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a 68-year-old patient is being prepared for hospital discharge. In accordance with standards of care for the patient with AMI, the nurse knows discharge orders may include which of the following medications? A. Nifedipine (Procardia) B. (^) Amiodarone (Cordarone) C. Verapamil (Calan) D. Carvedilol (Coreg) Correct Answer D