Carbon Chemistry
• Carbon atoms can form single, double or triple
bonds with other carbon atoms.
• Carbon can form up to 4 bonds
• This allows carbon atoms to form long chains,
almost unlimited in length.
docsity.com
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
University Rankings
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Our save-the-student-ebooks!
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Carbon Chemistry - General Chemistry - Lecture Slides, Slides of Chemistry
Fundamental concepts of chemistry including atomic structure, history of the atom, development of the periodic table, nuclear chemistry, chemical nomenclature and formula, types of reactions, stoichiometry, gas laws, liquids and solids, thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases. This lecture includes: Carbon Chemistry, Macromolecules, Polymerization, Carbohydrates, Saccharides, Glucose is a Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Sucrose, Polysaccharide, Isomers, Cellulose
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
1 / 25
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download Carbon Chemistry - General Chemistry - Lecture Slides and more Slides Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
Carbon Chemistry
•^
Carbon atoms can form single, double or triplebonds with other carbon atoms
•^
Carbon can form up to 4 bonds
-^
This allows carbon atoms to form long chains,almost unlimited in length.
Macromolecules
- “GIANT MOLECULES”• Made up of thousands of little molecules.• Formed from a process known as
polymerization, in which largemolecules are produced by joiningsmall ones together.
- The small units (monomers), join together
to form large units (polymers)
Where Do Carbohydrates Come
From?
•^
Plants take in Carbondioxide (CO
) and 2
water (H
O) + heat 2
from the sun andmake glucose.
-^
C
H 6
12
O
6
Carbohydrate
- Fancy way of saying sugar.• Carbohydrates are energy packed
compounds, that can be broken downquickly by organisms to give them energy.
- However, the energy supplied by
carbohydrates does not last long, and thatis why you get hungry every 4 hours.
- Carbohydrates are also used for structure.
Saccharides
- Scientist use the word saccharides to
describe sugars.
- If there is only one sugar molecule it is
known as a monosaccharide
- If there are two it is a disaccharide• When there are a whole bunch, it is a
polysaccharide.
Disaccharide
•^
Maltose is anexample of adisaccharide
-^
Notice it is two sugarmolecules together.
-^
Glucose + Glucose =Maltose
Maltose
The most common disaccharide is
Sucrose
•^
Sucrose
is
glucose +
fructose
and is known
as common tablesugar.
Most of the names of
carbohydrates end in -
ose
- Gluc
ose-What plants make
- Malt
ose- used in making beer
(disaccharide)
- Fruct
ose – found in fruit (monosaccharide)
- Sucr
ose- Table sugar (disaccharide)
-^
Lactose – In milk (disaccharide)
Isomers
•^
Glucose
-^
C
H 6
12
O
6
•^
Fructose
-^
C
H 6
12
O
6
•^
Fructose sweeterthen glucose becauseof its structure.
Dehydration Synthesis
-^
Sounds technical but allit really means is takingout the water and makingsome thing new.
-^
Dehydration is whathappens to you when youdon’t drink enough water.
-^
Synthesis means “makingsome thing new”
-^
In this case we are takingout water and connectingglucose with fructose tomake sucrose (tablesugar)
Hydrolysis
Hydro=water lysis= break apart
-^
Hydrolysis breaks down adisaccharide moleculeinto its originalmonosaccharides.
-^
Hydrolysis, it means thatwater splits a compound.
-^
When sucrose is addedto water, it splits apartinto glucose and fructose.
However if you do not take in anycarbohydrates into your body you
will use fat as fuel.
Thank god for the low carb diet.Now, nobody wants to eat mebecause they think I make them
fat.
What do we do with all the sugar?
-^
Plants store glucosein the form ofpolysaccharidesknown as
starch
in
their roots
•^
Animals store glucosein the from of apolysaccharide knownas
glycogen
in our
liver and muscle cells.