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242 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry: A Comprehensive Approach Name of Drug, Biological . i and.syrionvin gical source Constituents Uses | ‘Agar (Agar agat) Dried gelatinous | Agarose, Laxative, Japanese-isinglass | substance obtained | Agaropectin, 3.5% | Ingredient of Vegetable gelatin | from Geleidiuim amansit cellulose and 6% of | bactoriological (Gelidaccae) nitrogen , Uronic culture acid, sulphuric acid, | D-galactase 2 | Acacia Dried gummy Arabin, enzyme Emulsilying agent | (Indian gum) exudation obtained | oxidase, Arabic and suspending Gin‘aracia from the stem and acid, agent. Git Arabic branches of Acacia L-arabinose, arabic (Leguminosae) | L-thamnose, D-galactose and D-glucoronic acid Fnzyme oxidase and peroxidase. 3 | Algin ‘Macrocystis py Alginic acid, Thickening agent, (Alginic acid) Laminaria 1)-mannopyrano- Suspending agent Sodium alginate | hyperborea syluronic acid, Sodium L-glucopyrano- polymannuronate syluronic acid Heavy metals 4 | Arrow-rootslarch | Obtained from Polysaccharides Pharmaceutical (West Indian) rhizomes Maranta aid” Maranta starch. arundinaceae Natal arrowroot _ | (Mfarantaceae) 5 Bael Unripe or half ripe Marmelosin and Digestive, Bael fruit fruits of the plant Furecoumarin , Antidiarrhoel Tadian taal known as Aegle marmesin, psoralin, Bengal Quince marmelos (Rutaceae) | umbelliferune, protein, volatile oil, tannins, vitamin C and vitamin A, O-methylhalffordinol, | isopentylhalfordinol. & 6 | Caramel By heating sucrose Burnt sugar Colouring agent Bumt sugar colouring 7 | Chitin Shells of lobsler crab, | 2-acetamide-2- Wound healing, cell walls of lower deoxycellulose adhesive to glass plants Neacetyl, and plastic, Sizing D-glucosaminy! of rayon Table 13.4 Contd... Natural Product Chemistry 243 C | Constituents | Uses [se ~ Name of Dre) “Hidlogieal sate, source Xo | _and synom “¢ (Carrageenan Sulohated Kappa-carrageenan — |Demulcent, (Irish moss) 8 polysaccharide extract [contains D-galactose, |Antidiarrhoel, Chondrus extract _jof the sea weed 3,6 anhydrous Pharmaceutical aid obtained from Chondrus |D-galactose and ester cryspus (Rhodophyceae)|sulphate group Lambda-carrageenan contains D-galactose and its mone and disulphate esters i-carrageenan, j-carrageenan and yv-carrageenan 20-40% sulphite Polysaccharides ‘Adhesive in paper, ‘Textiles and food 9 |Dextrin Incomplete hydrolysis Strach gum of starch with dilute British gum acids or by heating dry industries jstrach, 10 |Dexiran Enzymic fermentation [Alpha Binding, of sucrose D-ylucopyranosyl suspending and hanits stabilizing agent, blood plasma extender Ti [Echinacea Echinacea purpurea Arbenogalactan Immunostimulant (Compositeae) Seeds of Cyanopsis _|Guaran, galactose and [Binding agent, 12 [Guar gum Guar flour tetragonolabus mannose proteins Emulgent, Jaguar gum (Leguminosae) Disintegrating agent. 73 Gum ghatti Gummy exudates Two distinct poly- _ |Emulgent, obtained from plant |saccharides, oxidase [Pharmaccutucal aid \L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-xylose and [D-gtucoronic a ig oxidase cn Obtained from the tree |A polysaccharide Thickening agent containing 8% acetyl jand Emulgent 7% uronic acid Anogeissus latifolia (Combretaceae) (Gum karaya Indian tragacanth — |Sterculia ures Sterculia gum (Sterculiaceae) and residues and no methoxyl group D-galactose, | thainnose, [D-galactouronic acid, aldobiuronic acid and acid trisaccharide Table 13.4 Contd. 
