Download BIOL 235 Human Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam Review and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!
Review
- Which of the following blood cell types normally com- D promises the highest percentage of the blood compo- nent labeled 2 in the figure? A) eosinophils B) monocytes C) lymphocytes D) neutrophils E) basophils
- The process by which the formed elements of the B blood develop is called A) hematospermia B) hemopoiesis C) thrombocytosis D) hemostasis E) polycythemia
- The major functions of a red blood cell is D A) nutrient transport B) cytokine stimulation C) blood cell proliferation D) gas transport E) disease resistance
- Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte? A A) neutrophil B) platelet C) lymphocyte D) basophil E) erythrocyte
- B
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Which of the following hormones stimulates the de- velopment of megakaryoblasts? A) erythropoietin B) thrombopoietin C) nitric oxide D) human growth hormone E) heparin
- The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting B are identical after formation of A) thromboplastin B) prothrombinase C) clotting factor XII D) fibrin E) tissue factor
- Clotting of an unbroken blood vessel is called? E A) embolism B) hemolysis C) fibrinolysis D) agglutination E) thrombosis
- What blood type is a person if their plasma contains B only anti-A agglutinin? A) A B) B C) O D) AB E) not enough information is provided to answer the question
- D
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the venous openings D) the semilunar valves block the venous openings E) the venous valves block the venous openings
- Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to C neighboring fibers by... A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) gap junctions D) interneurons E) chordae tendinae
- Which of the following occurs at the beginning of the D ventricular diastole? A) p wave B) r wave C) q wave D) qrs complex E) t wave
- In comparison the skeletal muscle fibers, the contrac- B tile fibers of the heart are depolarized for period of time. A) a shorter B) a longer C) the same
- Which term refers to the period of time during a car- B diac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises? A) filling B) systole C) repolarization
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D) diastole E) fibrillation
- Which event occurs during ventricular systole? B A) depolarization of the SA node B) isovolumetric contraction C) filling of the atria D) opening of the AV valves E) ventricular pressure drops
- The frank starling law of the heart states that the heart D is dependent upon the autonomic nervous system for a stimulus contract... A) the heart is dependent upon the autonomic ner- vous system for a stimulus to contract B) the absolute refractory period for the heart must be longer than the duration of contraction for efficient heart functioning C) the heart contracts to the fullest extent possible for the conditions, or not at all D) cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
- Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the ar- B terial wall consists mainly of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers? A) A B) B C) C D) A and B E) A, B, and C
- B
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B) tidal volume C) cardiac output D) cardiac reserve E) total peripheral resistance
- Which of the following would be a normal response of A the cardiovascular system to a decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors? A) increased systemic vascular resistance B) increased parasympathetic stimulation C) decreased heart rate D) decreased stroke volume E) decreased cardiac output
- When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high C levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes except: A) increased vasoconstriction of arterioles B) increased blood pressure C) decreased respiratory rate D) increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins E) increased vasoconstriction of veins
- Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is A A) 120/ B) 130/ C) 80/ D) 100/ E) 150/
- This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume... A A) hypovolemic
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B) cardiogenic C) vascular D) obstructive E) neurogenic
- The pulmonary trunk divides into D A) brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery B) right and left subclavian arteries C) right and left pulmonary veins D) right and left pulmonary arteries E) right and left common carotid arteries
- The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the... D A) left axillary vein B) lumbar trunk C) jugular trunk D) thoracic duct E) right lymphatic duct
- Lymph travels to the efferent lymphatic vessel from D which structure in the figure? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
- In which part of the thymus are T cells thought to die? D A) capsule B) trabeculae C) epithelial cells D) thymic (Hassall's) corpuscles E) T cells do not die in the thymus
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- To become activated, which of the following requires B being bound to a foreign antigen AND simultaneous costimulation? A) B cell B) T cell C) interferon D) MHC antigen E) antigen presenting cell
- Which class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, B tears, breast milk and GI secretions? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgD E) IgE
- Which of the following lists contains only antigen pre- D senting cells (APCS)? A) helper T cells, cytotoxic cells, memory T cells B) B cells, T cell, natural killer cells C) cells, plasma cells, memory B cells D) B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages E) neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils
- The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is C called... A) meatuses B) hypopharynx palatine C) fauces D) vestibule
- E
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Where are the nasal meatuses? A) A B) C C) T D) U E) V
- The function of the epiglottis is to A A) close off the larynx during swallowing B) hold the pharynx open during speech C) produce surfactant D) vibrate to produce sound as air passes over it E) hold the glottis open during inspiration
- Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange? C A) A B) B C) C D) D E) all of these choices
- The muscles that elevates the ribs for breathing are B the... A) internal intercostal muscles B) external intercostal muscles C) diaphragm and external intercostal muscles D) diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles E) all of these choices
- Airway resistance is affected primarily by the D A) thickness of the cartilage in the bronchial wall B) partial pressure of each type of gas in inspired air C) amount of elastic tissue in the lungs
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D) dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions E) diffusion
- Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration? A A) in the medulla B) in the pons C) in the cerebrum D) in the hypothalamus E) in the cerebellum
- The capability of the GI tract to move material along E its length is called (1) motility, (2) propulsion, (3) diges- tion, (4) defecation. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 4 only E) both 1 and 2
- Which of the following are classified as chronic ob- E structive pulmonary disorders? A) chronic bronchitis B) emphysema C) pneumonia D) asthma E) A and B are correct
- Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar con- B nective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels? A) mucosa B) lamina propria C) MALT
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D) muscularis E) epithelium
- Name the layer labeled A E A) submucosa B) serosa C) longitudinal muscle D) mucosa E) circular muscle
- Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow diges- C tion? A) because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract B) because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract C) because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract D) they do not affect digestion E) because all emotions are controlled by the vagus nerve
- The hard palate...(1) is the anterior portion of the E roof of the mouth, (2) is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones, and (3) is covered by a mucous mem- brane. A) 2 only B) 1 only C) 3 only D) both 1 and 2 E) all of these choices
- D
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A) blocks the action of pepsin B) creates favorable conditions for the actions of in- testinal enzymes C) stimulates the secretion of secretin D) A and B are correct E) A, B and C are correct
- Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? C A) conversion of carbohydrates B) protein metabolism C) storage of bilirubin D) phagocytosis E) storage of vitamins
- Which of the following small intestine cells secrete D lysozymes? A) goblet cells B) absorptive cells C) mucosa cells D) paneth cells E) S cells
- Which substrate is correctly matched to the brush A border enzymes that digest it? A) carbohydrate: a-dextrinase, maltase, lactase, su- crase B) protein: aminopeptidase, dipeptidase C) nucleotide: nucelosidases, phosphatases D) A and B are correct E) A, B, and C are correct
- Functions of the large intestine include E A) production of certain vitamins
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B) haustral churing C) mass peristalsis D) formation of feces E) all of the above
- Which hormone functions to counteract the effect of B gastric acid in the small intestine? A) pepsin B) secretin C) gastrin D) cholecystokinin E) amylase
- Which of the following is not a form of phosphoryla- A tion? A) reduction phosphorylation B) substrate level phosphorylation C) oxidative phosphorylation D) photophosphorylation E) none of these choices
- Which of the following is not true of catabolism? C A) glycolysis is a catabolism process B) catabolism reactions convert complex molecules into simpler ones C) formation of a peptide bond is a catabolic process D) most catabolic reactions are exothermic E) amylase is a catabolic enzyme
- How is excess glucose stored in liver and muscle cells? B A) as glucose-6-phosphate B) as glycogen C) as cellulose
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- Which mineral is the most abundant mineral in the A body? A) calcium B) sodium C) magnesium D) phosphorus E) iron
- Which of the following is a waste product normally A excreted by the kidneys? A) urea B) glucose C) insulin D) cholesterol E) carbon dioxide
- This is smooth dense irregular tissue that is continu- B ous with the outer coat of the ureter A) adipose capsule B) renal capsule C) renal hilus D) renal cortex E) renal medulla
- Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? A A) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron (henle) loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct B) nephron loop, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, col- lecting duct C) ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct D) collecting duct, DCT, PCT, collecting duct, glomeru-
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lar capsule E) PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, collecting duct, nephron loop
- Urine formed by the nephron first drains into these... D A) H B) I C) J D) K E) L
- Components of the renal corpuscle include the... glomerulus and glomeru- lar capsule
- Which pressure opposes glomerular filtration? D A) blood colloidal osmotic pressure B) capsular hydrostatic pressure C) glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure D) A and B are correct E) A, B and C are correct
- This term means the return of substances into the A blood stream from the filtrate A) reabsorption B) filtration C) secretion D) excretion E) none of these choices
- The filtration membrane consists of E A) a layer of material (called the basal lamina) between the endothelium and podocytes B) glomerular endothelial cells
