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Biochemistry notes , basics of metabolism
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Carbohydrate Metabolism Definition of Metabolism : The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. All these are called anabolism and catabolism. Metabolism Anabolic reaction catabolic reaction
The overall process of glycolysis is: Glucose + 2 NAD+^ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+^ + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O
Glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis) :formation ofglycogenfromglucose. 1. Glycogen is serves as an energy store primarily in muscle and liver, when glucose and ATP are present in relatively high amounts. 2 .theexcess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liverand muscle cells. 3. It is stored in the form of granules cytoplasm in the cell. 4. The concentration of glycogen in muscle is low (1- 2 % fresh weight) compared tothelevels stored in the liver (up to 8% fresh weight)^. 5 .Glycogen is an energy reserve that can be quickly mobilized to meet a sudden needfor glucose.
b. factors remove glucose from blood (decrease blood glucose level).
from intestine
Disorders in CHOs metabolism 1.Lactose intolerance :It is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk products. Symptoms: Abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea. These typically start between half and two hours after drinking milk. Severity depends on the amount a person eats or drinks. It does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract