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How does inductive reasoning differ from deductive reasoning? - ansInductive reasoning involves going from the specific to the general, whereas deductive reasoning involves going from the general to the specific. In a scientific experiment, the control group ______. - ansserves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a hypothesis? - ansMy car's battery is dead. The branch of biology that explains both the diversity and the unity of life is ______. - ansevolution How do hypotheses differ from theories? - ansTheories are more comprehensive than hypotheses. Over a span of two decades, scientists measured changes in the beak size of a population of Galapagos Finches. This - ansprovided evidence of natural selection in action Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually ______. - anslarger and more complex Which of the following is a producer? - ansoak tree What is biology? - ansthe scientific study of life Members of the kingdom Plantae differ from members of the other kingdoms of Eukarya in that most members of the kingdom Plantae ______. - ansproduce their own food Why is water considered a polar molecule? - ansThe oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge. Beryllium's atomic mass is 9 and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium atom? - ans All atoms of an element have the same number of ______. - ansprotons ______ is an example of an element. - ansCarbon The bond between oppositely charged ions is ______ bond. - ansan ionic Which of the following elements is not one of the four most common elements in living things? - anszinc An uncharged atom of gold has an atomic number of 79 and an atomic mass of 197. This atom has ______ protons, ______ neutrons, and ______ electrons. - ans79... 118... 79 What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O - ansC6H12O6, H2O, and O Adjacent water molecules are connected by the ______. - anselectrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule Water molecules repel other water molecules True or False - ansFalse Proteins are polymers constructed from ______ monomers. - ansamino acid People with lactose intolerance do not have enough ______. - anslactase Which of the following is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats? - ansincreased risk of heart attack By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds? - ansunsaturated Nucleic acids are polymers of ______ monomers. - ansnucleotide
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Saturated fats are saturated with ______. - anshydrogen What type of molecule is shown in the picture below? (DNA) - ansDNA Table sugar is ______. - anssucrose Animals store carbohydrates as ______. - ansglycogen A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a ______. - ansfat The solutions in the arms of this U-tube are separated at the bottom by a semipermeable membrane. The membrane is not permeable to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0. molar glucose and side B is filled with 0.5 molar glucose. Initially the volume in both arms is the same. Complete the following statement. At the beginning of the experiment ____________. - ansSide A is hypotonic (less concentrated than) to side B. A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is true? - ansThe solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker. Passive diffusion does not require the addition of external energy to the system to allow it to take place. It is a net movement of _______________. - ansmolecules from an area of high to low concentration. There are different needs of diffusion in different environments and organisms. For example, plants have a significant requirement for water to maintain their structure and for their metabolic functions. Plants also have a rigid cell wall that prevents them from absorbing too much water. Animal cells, on the other hand, are not reinforced by a cell wall and much prevent themselves from taking in excess water. As a result of their different functional needs and membrane structure, in terms of tonicity, animal cells prefer ___________ environments, while plant cells prefer ___________ environments. - ansisotonic; hypotonic Tonicity refers to changes in cell volume that results from the diffusion forces working in the cells. What would happen if a red blood cell is places in a hypotonic solution of distilled water? - ansburst The two basic types of cells are ______ and ______. - ansprokaryotic... eukaryotic ______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes. - ansPhospholipids When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell. - ansprokaryotic Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______. - anscell wall and central vacuole Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? - anschloroplast One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells. - anshave membrane-bound organelles, which are lacking in In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane? - anscytoplasm Microtubules are associated with ______. - ansall of the above
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What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? - ansATP The first electron acceptor of cellular respiration is ______. - ansNAD+ Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? - anscytoplasm An aerobic process requires ______. - ansoxygen In aerobic respiration, how many molecules of acetic acid are produced from six molecules of glucose? - ans Examine the following figure. Which of these stages occur(s) in the cytoplasm? - ansglycolysis When oxygen delivery becomes insufficient to support a runner? - ansATP is inefficiently produced and lactic acid is generated as a by-product Which of the following is a result of glycolysis? - ansconversion of glucose to pyruvic acid The light reactions of photosynthesis convert ______ energy to ______ energy. - anssolar... chemical What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast? - ansthylakoids Which of the following is found in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis? - anselectron transport chain When a molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons is raised to the ______ state. - ansexcited In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? - anschloroplast Which of the following is an autotroph? - anspine tree If a plant appears blue to us, what wavelength of light is being reflected? - ansblue The color that we see when looking at a pigmented object is ______. - ansthe wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted by the pigmented object The energy of wavelengths that appear ______ is least useful to photosynthesis. - ansgreen What is one reason why plants have accessory pigment molecules, like chlorophyll b and carotenoids? - ansto absorb energy in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot Anaerobic respiration produces a net maximum of ______ ATP per glucose. - ans Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH? - anscitric acid (Krebs) cycle Which of the following are produced during cellular respiration? - anscarbon dioxide, water, and ATP Electron transport takes place in the ______. - ansmitochondria A product of glycolysis is ______. - anspyruvic acid The second stage of aerobic respiration is ______. - ansthe citric acid cycle What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? - ansethyl alcohol The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are ______. - ansATP and NADPH Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by _____. - anstaking in carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbohydrates) What compound is found at the reaction center of a photosystem? - anschlorophyll a Which of the following equations best summarizes photosynthesis? - ans6 CO2 + 6 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O
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The Calvin cycle requires ______ and ______ from the light-dependent reactions in order to operate. - ansATP... NADPH Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water? - ansroots Hydrogen bonds in water molecules are formed between: - ansHydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent molecules Why (if you are careful) are you able to float a needle on the surface of water? - ansThe surface tension that is a result of water's cohesive properties makes this possible. A temperature of 4°C indicates: - ansMaximum density of water A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______. - ansisotonic to its environment The correct sequence of stages of MITOSIS is ______. - ansprophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Sexual intercourse in humans ______. - ansallows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell During metaphase I, ______. - anshomologous pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I? - ansHomologous pairs of chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles. Homologous chromosomes ______. - anscarry the same genes (possibly different alleles) Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Which is it? - ansthe events of meiosis II Which of the following occurs during interphase? - ansChromosomes duplicate. ______ is an example of an organism that can reproduce asexually. - ansAn amoeba For a species with four pairs of chromosomes, ________ gametic combinations are possible.
- ans How many chromosomes can a gamete possess as a result of nondisjunction? - ansn + 1 or n - 1 Peptide bonds form between ______. - ansamino acids Transcription is the ______. - ansmanufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______. - ansmRNA DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers. - ansnucleotide RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA. - ansuracil... thymine Who discovered the structure of DNA? - ansWatson and Crick Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______. - ansRNA... a polypeptide In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______. - ansthymine... cytosine What is the ultimate source of all diversity? - ansmutation If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand? - ansCAGGTA Examine the following diagram, then answer the question.
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You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?
- ansIt was released as heat. Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ______ ATP from one glucose. - ans Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that ______. - ansthe mixture needs less oxygen; yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen Which of the following is the source of electrons for the light reactions? - ansH2O What is the function of stomata? - ansgas exchange What sex chromosomes belong to a normal human male? - ansXY DNA is found in structures called ______. - anschromosomes A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ______. - anshave two nuclei Sister chromatids are joined at the ______. - anscentromeres The backbone of DNA consists of ______. - ansa repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in ______. - ansa single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message? - ansone After replication, ______. - anseach new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand The DNA double helix is ______. - ansmade up of two polynucleotide strands What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands? - anshydrogen A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seeds. The F1 plants have yellow seeds. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of seed color of the offspring of an F1 X F1 cross? - ans3: An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair mate; all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hair. What is the relationship between the alleles for hair texture? - ansincomplete dominance Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds, y. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an RrYy and an rryy individual? - ans1:1:1: Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes? - ans50% To determine the phenotype of an individual who expresses a dominant trait, you would cross that individual with an individual who ______. - ansis homozygous recessive for that trait
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Mendel crossed true-breeding purple-flowered plants with true-breeding white-flowered plants, and all of the resulting offspring produced purple flowers. The allele for purple flowers is ______. - ansdominant Alleles are described as ______. - ansalternate versions of a gene What is the key to the recognition of incomplete dominance? - ansThe phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes. What is the basis of Mendel's laws? - ansthe behavior of chromosomes during metaphase I and anaphase I of meiosis An individual who is homozygous ______. - anscarries two copies of the same allele for a gene A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______. Use this diagram to help you. - ansthe muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise Sugar dissolves when stirred into water. The sugar is the ______, the water is the ______, and the sweetened water is the ______. - anssolute... solvent... solution Which of the following structures can perform all the activities required for life? - anscells A hypothesis is ______. - ansa testable, tentative explination Which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method? - ansobservation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion Which of the following is not a property of life? - ansPopulations of organisms are unable to change over time. What does adaptation mean in a biological context? - ansthe accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time Unequal reproductive success ______. - anscan lead to natural selection Which of these is most closely associated with Darwin? - ansnatural selection Which kingdom of Eukarya consists primarily of unicellular organisms? - ansProtista What accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs? - ansartificial selection The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by ______ bonds. - anscovalent What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons? - anscovalent Adjacent water molecules are joined by ______ bonds. - anshydrogen How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O - ans Various examples illustrating the properties of water are listed here. For each example, select its cause/explanation from the list of water properties. Ice is less dense than liquid water. Salts are able to dissolve in water. Water has high cohesion. Water can climb upward in a thin tube.
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What step in aerobic cellular respiration uses oxygen as the electron acceptor in the oxidation of electron carriers? This step uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 in producing ADP to ATP. - ansElectron Transport Chain Where does each step of cellular respiration take place in the cell? Glycolysis occurs in the ___ Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb Cycle occurs in the matrix of the ____ Electron Transport Chain/System occurs in the inner membrane of the ____ - anscytoplasm (cytosol) mitochondria mitochondria Under which conditions did the mouse in lab produce the most lactic acid? - anshigh intensity; low oxygen For speciation to occur, populations must be - ansGenetically isolated. Gene flow is accomplished by ______. - ansmigration Evolution means that - anspopulations of organisms change over time. Which of the following is an example of sexual selection? - ansPeahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails. Which of the following is not a requirement of natural selection? - anscatastrophic events After surviving a bottleneck, a population recovers to the point where it consists of as many individuals as it did prior to the bottleneck. Which of the following statements is most likely to apply to this population? - ansThe postbottleneck population exhibits less genetic variation than the prebottleneck population. In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was _____. - ansnatural selection The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of ______. - anscommon ancestry The first basic idea of evolutionary adaptation can be traced back to _____. - ansLamarck The smallest unit that can evolve is the ______. - anspopulation Cells do not begin mitosis without passing several key checkpoints in interphase. Why are these checkpoints necessary? - ansthey ensure the DNA and organelles are properly replicated Use the diagram to answer the question that follows. Which phase of mitosis is represented in the diagram? - ansmetaphase What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis? - anstwo cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell The following are diagrams of cell mitosis. Which is the correct order of cell mitosis? - ans4, 2, 3, 1 The drug Paclitaxel is used for cancer therapy. Paclitaxel interferes with the microtubules for cell division. Where was it naturally discovered? - ansPacific Yew Plant On what basis are populations assigned to the same biological species? - ansbeing able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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Characid fishes are only found naturally only in South America and Africa. Fossils of these fish are not found on any other continents. What is the most likely explanation of this distribution pattern? - ansCharacid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American continents. Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds) were extinct by the end of the ______.
- ansCretaceous A reproductive barrier that prevents species from mating is an example of ______. - ansa pre- zygotic barrier The wing of a penguin is ______ the flipper of a dolphin. - ansanalogous to The following is an example of ___________ Dolphin's echolocation ability; bat's echolocation ability - ansConvergent Evolution The type of reproductive barrier that occurs when two species mate but produce sterile hybrids is referred to as ______. - ansa post-zygotic barrier Which one of the following is the only domain that contains eukaryotes? - ansEukarya Homology is evidence of ______. - anscommon ancestry The wing of a bald eagle is ______ the wing of a penguin. - anshomologous to In the scientific name for the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), Balaenoptera is a - ansgenus containing the species musculus The organism pictured below belongs to the class (Dog) - ansmammalia The organism pictured below belongs to the class (Toucan) - ansaves The class pictured below is distinguished by having (Toucan) - ansfeathers Which of the following is a species name? - anssapien What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is described by a situation in which female fireflies only mate with males who emit light in a particular pattern? - ansbehavioral isolation Speciation requires ______. - ansgenetic isolation Of the following taxonomic levels, species found within the same ______ are the most closely related. - ansfamily Biological species consist of groups of ______. - anspopulations Which of the following taxonomic levels is most inclusive? - ansclass The convergence in external morphology of sharks, penguins and dolphins is attributed to - ansselection pressures that are common to these groups. Hybrid animals like mules are not considered to be a species because - ansthey do not reproduce. The class pictured below is distinguished by having (snake) - ansearliest evolution of the amniote egg The class pictured below (this is an example) is distinguished by having (turtle) - ansearliest evolution of the amniote egg The science of naming, identifying, and classifying organisms is called ______. - anstaxonomy The different variations or alternative forms of homologous genes are referred to as ________. - ansalleles How many alleles for the freckles trait would be found in each person's genotype? - anstwo
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Gametophytes reproduce ______. - ansby producing sperm and eggs The feature present in reptiles and absent in amphibians that freed reptiles from dependence on water for reproduction is ______. - ansthe amniotic egg What does the term tetrapod mean? - anshaving four feet A ______ is an example of an invertebrate chordate. - anslancelet The arthropod skeleton is composed of ______. - anschitin A true coelom is ______. - anscompletely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm How do New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys? - ansNew World monkeys have a prehensile tail. Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates? - ansThey all have a notochord sometime during the life cycle. ______ are the mammalian group that lay eggs. - ansMonotremes Almost every element of bird anatomy is modified for what? - ansenhancement of flight ______ is an example of a mollusc that does not have a shell. - ansA slug Genetic Drift can be defined as the change in allele and genotype frequency due to ... - anseach of the examples may result in genetic drift due to simple chance. In regards to the concept of evolution by natural selection, which of the following statement is true? - ansOrganisms with certain traits that are better adapted to their environment will tend to survive and reproduce more offspring. These structures are similar due to __________________. - anssharing a common ancestor that lead to divergent evolution Which of the following is an example of analogous structures? - ansbat wings and bee wings A given group of pine trees has been separated from the parent group because of a geographic separation through thousands of years. Two new species of pine trees occur. This is an example of - ansallopatric speciation. Which of the following is responsible for the increase in girth (width) of trees? - anssecondary growth Which of the following describes the vascular system of a typical plant? - ansit does all of the above Which of the following best describes the function of typical leaves? - ansphotosynthesis What typically has to happen before a fruit develops? - ansall of the above Which of the following form tubes and are alive when mature? - ansfood-conducting cells Which of the following constitute the shoot system of a plant? - ansall of the above Which of the following plant types complete their life cycle in two years? - ansbiennials Which of the following is a function of roots? - ansall of the above Which of the following is the waxy coating secreted on leaves and most stems? - anscuticle A plant's diploid form is called the ______; the haploid form is called the ______. - anssporophyte... gametophyte Match the PCR reagent with its description DNA Polymerase Primer Nucleotides - ansDNA Polymerase - Creates new DNA from template DNA
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Primer - Binds to the start sequence of the DNA to initiate copying Nucleotides - The building blocks of DNA Which of the following strands of DNA will move faster through the gel in electrophoresis? - ansA segment 50 base pairs long Observe the sequences below: A polymorphism present in the DNA sequence can be used to distinguish differences among individuals. Identify the polymorphism present and the nucleotide number for the change in the DNA Sequence 1 to Sequence 2. 1A A A A T G A C C G G A T A C T C G18 Sequence 1 88% of population 1A A A A T G A C C G T A T A C T C G18 Sequence 2 12% of population - ansG-->T at nucleotide 11 Why is Taq polymerase more useful than the polymerase in other organisms, for instance, human DNA polymerase for PCR? - ansIt is stable at very high heats of the PCR cycling. Below is a photo image of DNA samples processed through DNA extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis. This scientific data supports ________________________ for being responsible for the crime. - anssuspect # Which of the following is a population? - ansthe termites infesting your house Which of the following are homologous? - ansthe forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat Which one of the following statements is true? - ansNatural selection works on variation already present in a population. What does Darwinian fitness measure? - ansreproductive success Natural selection can be defined as ______. - ansa process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than other individuals Natural selection ______. - ansresults in evolutionary adaptation The current geological era is the ______. - ansCenozoic When two frog species, Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica, mate, the offspring die early in embryonic development. This is an example of ______. - ansreduced hybrid viability A fossil species is distinguished mainly by ______. - ansits appearance Why are bryophytes considered incompletely adapted to the terrestrial environment, when compared with other plants? - ansTheir sperm are flagellated. The ______ helps plants retain water. - anscuticle Seeds develop from ______. - ansovules Exploring in the tropics, you discover a nonvascular plant that produces pollen. What type of plant have you discovered? - ansan entirely new type that you will get to name From the point of view of an angiosperm, what is the function of fruit? - ansIt is a mechanism for the dispersal of seeds. Humans are chordates. Which animal group is most closely related to chordates? - ansechinoderms How do sponges differ from ALL other animals? - ansSponges lack true tissues. Which anthropoids are most closely related to humans? - anschimpanzees There are more species of ______ than of any other type of animal. - ansarthropods ______ are the most diverse group of arthropods. - ansInsects
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A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be male? - ans50% A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seeds. The seeds of all of the offspring are yellow. Why? - ansThe yellow allele is dominant to the green allele. ______ genes violate Mendel's principle of independent assortment. - ansLinked Which of these crosses will only produce heterozygous offspring? - ansAA X aa What is the key to the recognition of codominance? - ansThe heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes. In humans, the presence or absence of dimples is a trait controlled by a single gene. What is the genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for dimples? - ansDd Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What genotypic ratio is expected when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes? - ans1: What name is given to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome? - anslocus Which of the following best describes substances that enter a plant through the root system? - ansThey are dissolved in water. The following picture is an example of (plant leaning towards sun) - ansphototropism Which of the following best describe(s) the dependencies of most flowering plants? - ansall of the above Which of the following is exemplified by a pea tendril contacting a string or wire and coiling around it for support? - ansthigmotropism Which of the following weather conditions would cause transpiration to be most rapid? - anshot, dry weather Which one of the following is associated with active heat dissipation due to sweating? - ansCreates evaporative heat loss for thermal regulation What part of the mammal brain is responsible for the homeostasis of temperature? - anshypothalamus Which of the following will mostly lead to conserving heat in mammals, such as deer? - ansvasoconstriction What mechanism is involved with evaporative heat loss? - anspanting The sea otter has a ___ surface area to volume ratio than a blue whale. This means that sea otters will lose ___ body heat proportional to their size. - anshigher; more You must obtain ______. - ansall of the above The main function of salivary amylase is to ______. - ansdigest food Digestion begins in the ______. - ansmouth Most nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system? - anssmall intestine What type of digestive system does this animal have? (Jellyfish) - ansgastrovascular cavity The four stages of food processing are, in order: - ansingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion? - anschewing
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Movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine is regulated by ______. - ansa sphincter Which of the following is the usual cause of heartburn? - ansbackflow of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus Which of the following choices lists the organs of the alimentary canal in the correct order? - ansoral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism caused by a dominant allele. The homozygous dominant genotype causes death, so individuals who have this condition are all heterozygotes. If a person with achondroplasia mates with a person who does not have achondroplasia, what percentage of their children would be expected to have achondroplasia?
- ans50% An individual heterozygous for cystic fibrosis ______. - ansis a carrier Red-green color blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. The gene is found on the X chromosome. How can a man with normal color vision father a daughter who is red-green color-blind? - ansHe can't (unless there is a mutation). What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism? - ansphenotype _________ characteristics are traits gained during an organisms life and not determined genetically. - ansAcquired ______ is the study of fossils. - ansPaleontology The biological species concept cannot be applied to ______. - ansbacteria that only reproduce asexually Analogous structures are evidence of ______. - ansconvergent evolution During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin found that ______. - ansplants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents Hummingbirds and honeybees both make noise as they fly from flower to flower collecting nectar. This is an example of - ansconvergent evolution. Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure. Based upon this diagram, the two most closely related species are ______. - ansthe domestic dog and the wolf Examine the two animals in the photographs in the following figure. Use all of the clues in this figure. These two organisms belong to ______. - ansthe same genus In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences. Applying the biological species concept, the production of ligers reveals that ______. - anstigers and lions are kept separate in the wild by behavioral isolation. In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild,
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sea star = radially symetrical deuterostome coelomate beetle = protostome coelomate crab = protostome coelomate spider = protostome coelomate Blue-footed boobies of the Galapagos will mate only after a very specific courtship display on the part of the male. He high-steps to advertise his bright blue feet. What isolating mechanism discourages mating outside the species? - ansbehavioral isolation Eastern and western meadowlarks look almost identical and sometimes inhabit the same areas of prairies. They recognize members of their own species by distinctive songs and thus do not breed with each other. This is an example of: - ansbehavioral isolation. Horses and donkeys mate successfully to produce mules, which are always sterile. Which genetic isolating mechanism is involved here to prevent horses and donkeys from becoming a single species? - anshybrid infertility Response in blood sugar level of 2 different people. Same food. What's going on? Line A indicates _______ and Line B indicates ______ - ansA: low insulin production B: normal insulin production Observe the various polysaccharides above. Each is composed of a basic glucose monomer (C6H12O6), a monosaccharide. Then, why is it that the enzyme amylase only works on amylose. - ansThe enzymatic action for each molecule is specific.The polysaccharides have similar monomeric subunit, but have different shapes. If all of the proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids in your body were completely digested, you would be left with ____________ respectively. Hint: what does each macromolecule break down to? - ansamino acids, fatty acids and glycerol, monosaccharides, and nucleotides Curve _______ represents the glycemic index of a complex sugar because _______________________. - ansB; polysaccharides are more slowly hydrolyzed than monosaccharides because they are larger molecules Glucagon cause a(n) _________ in blood glucose levels when blood levels of glucose are __________. - ansincrease; low The central communication conduit between the brain and the rest of the body is the - ansspinal cord. The sophisticated behavior of mammals and birds is directly related to - anstheir relatively large cerebrum. When you are very nervous, perhaps before you must speak in front of your college class, you notice that your mouth is dry and your heart is racing. This is most likely due to stimulation by the - anssympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system. The functional unit of the nervous system is the - ansneuron. During transmission across a typical chemical synapse, - ansneurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the receiving cell's plasma membrane. Which of the following brain regions controls the secretion of pituitary hormones and exerts direct control over many other aspects of homeostasis? - anshypothalamus
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The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are - ansflatworms. Cranial nerves originate in the brain. They belong to which system? - anscentral nervous system Which of the following statements regarding the nervous system is true? - ansMotor neurons convey signals from the CNS to effector cells. The two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the - anscentra l nervous system and peripheral nervous system. What part of a nerve cell carries signals toward the part of the cell that houses the nucleus? - ansdendrite
