binaryhbhbjkjhkhbhjlhkukhbjlvkhlhkhu, Thesis of Geology

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Presentation By:

VARUN. K.J

4

th Semester

M.Sc Applied Geology

Under the Guidance

of:

Prof. B. BASAVALINGU

DOS in Earth Science

DOS in Earth Science

Content:-

• INTRODUCTION
• SOME DEFINITIONS
• PHASE RULE
• CONDENSED PHASE RULE
• LEVER’S RULE
• TYPE OF BINARY SYSTEM
• SIMPLE BINARY EUTECTIC
• BINARY PERITECTIC
• COMPLETE SOLID SOLUTION
• LIMITED SOLID SOLUTION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

In tri-component system four independent

variables. pressure, temperature and two

concentration variables.

Multi-component system does not limit the

number of components that may compose a

system.

Cont….

In bi-component system three independent

variables pressure,temperature and

composition.

• System: Any particular portion of the universe in

which we are interested.

• Component : The smallest number of independent

variable chemical constituents necessary to define

any phase in the system.

• Degrees of Freedom (or Variance of

a System): The number of independent

variables which must be arbitrarily fixed in order

to define a system completely.

Some definitions….

Phase rule:-

For a system in equilibrium

F = C – P + 2

Where,

F=number of degrees of freedom or variance of the

system.

C = number of individual components, in the system.

P =number of homogeneous phases in equilibrium,

The phase rule is a formula of the number of variables and equations

that can be used to describe a system in equilibrium.

Condensed Phase rule:

In cases where either P or T are held constant, one can

apply the "condensed phase rule" given by the formula:

F= C - P + 1

This is simply because the total number of variables within

the system has now become pc+1, since only one of the

two intensive properties of the system (P and T) is allowed

to vary. The condensed phase rule is quite helpful in

understanding isobaric T-X or isothermal P-X diagrams.

TYPES OF BINARY SYSTEM

 The two component system have three

independent variables

• Temperature
• Pressure
• composition

 To graphically represent a Binary diagram

one variable must be kept constant, which is

usually P, and the phase diagram is plotted as

a T-X diagram for a specific Pressure.

LIQUIDUS - The line separating the field of all

liquid from that of liquid plus solid.

SOLIDUS - The line separating the field of all

solid from that of liquid plus solid.

EUTECTIC POINT - The point on a phase

diagram where the maximum number of allowable

phases are in equilibrium. When this point is

reached, the temperature must remain constant

until one of the phases disappears. An eutectic is

an invariant.

PERITECTIC POINT - The point on a phase

diagram where a reaction takes place between a

previously precipitated phase and the liquid to

produce a new solid phase. When this point is

reached, the temperature must remain constant

EXSOLUTION- Are unmixing some

homogeneous solid solutions of minerals are

stable only at high temperature on cooling these

become unstable and one mineral separates from

the other at a certain temperature. An intergrowth

of two separate minerals may result.

EQUILIBRIUM CRYSTALLIZATION - The

condition of minimum energy for the system such

that the state of a reaction will not change with

time provided P & T are kept constant.

FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION - where

the liquid and crystals do not remain in contact,

the crystals are prevented from reacting with the

liquid. The final liquid composition is not the same

The Binary System Are Mainly

Four Types:

1. Simple Binary Eutectic With

Congruent Melting Component. No

Solid Solution.

2.Binary Peritectic with Incongruent

Melting component. No solid solution.

3. Complete Binary Solid Solution.

4.Limited Solid Solution.

Diopside-AnorthiteDiopside-Anorthite

System System

2 .BINARY PERITECTIC

An incongruently melting compound is a solid

phase which when heated does not meet to a

liquid of it’s own compound. The reaction takes

place at low temperature. No solid solution

• (^) Eg: Fosterite-Silica system in which

Enstatite meet incongruently

3. COMPLETE SOLID

SOLUTION

Solid solution is defined as a mineral which

exhibit a variable composition represented by

the substitution of one chemical species for

another.

• Eg: 1 Albite-Anorthite system

2 Faylite-fosterite system

Albite-AnorthiteAlbite-Anorthite

system system