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Classification of Polymer
1. Which one among the following is a thermosetting plastic [MP PMT 1993, 95; AIIMS 1999] (a) PVC (b) PVA (c) Bakelite (d) Perspex 2. The basis on the mode of their formation, the polymers can be classified [MP PET 1999] (a) As addition polymers only (b) As condensation polymers only (c) As copolymers (d) Both as addition and condensation polymers 3. Thermoplastics are (a) Linear polymers (b) Highly cross-linked (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Crystalline 4. ‘ Cis - 1, 4-polyisoprene’ is (a) Thermoplastic (b) Thermosetting plastic (c) Elastic (rubber) (d) Resin 5. ‘Shellac’ secreted by lac insects is (a) Natural plastic (b) Natural resin (c) Natural elastic (d) Any of these 6. Which of the following is not a polymer (a) Gun cotton (b) Perspex (c) Shellac ( eg. lac shellac) (d) Wax ( eg. bees wax) 7. Which of the following is not a polymer (a) Wool (b) Cotton (c) Leather (d) Fat 8. Melmoware are (a) Thermosetting (b) Thermoplastic (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 9. Among the following a natural polymer is [MP PET 1993; BCECE 2005] (a) Cellulose (b) PVC (c) Teflon (d) Polyethylene 10. Which of the following is thermoplastic (a) Nylon (b) Polyethylene (c) Terylene (d) All of these 11. Which of the following is an example of condensation polymer
(a) Nylon (b) Bakelite (c) Urea-formaldehyde resin (d) All of these
12. Which of the following is a natural polymer (a) Polyester (b) Glyptal (c) Starch (d) Nylon- 6 13. Which is a naturally occuring polymer [BHU 1980] (a) Polythene (b) PVC (c) Acetic acid (d) Protein 14. Which of the following is a branched polymer (a) Low density polymer (b) Polyester (c) High density polymer (d) Nylon 15. Which is the monomer of polypeptide (a) Propene (b) Butadiene (c) Adipic acid (d) Amino acid 16. Which of the following is an addition polymer (a) Glucose (b) Polyethylene (c) Ethylene (d) Terylene 17. Which one of the following is a linear polymer [KCET 1998] (a) Amylopectin (b) Glycogen (c) Starch (d) Amylose 18. Which of the following polymer is an example of fibre [AIIMS 2000; Pb. CET 2001] (a) Silk (b) Dacron (c) Nylon- 66 (d) All of these 19. Natural rubber is which type of polymer [DCE 2002] (a) Condensation polymer (b) Addition polymer (c) Co-ordination polymer (d) None of these 20. Polyethylene is [DCE 2003] (a) Random copolymer (b) Homo polymer (c) Alternate copolymer (d) Crosslinked copolymer 21. Which of the following is a biodegradable polymer [AIIMS 2004] (a) Cellulose (b) Polythene (c) Polyvinyl chloride (d) Nylon- 6 22. Which of the following is an example of condensation polymers [MP PMT 1995; BHU 2000; UPSEAT 2004] (a) Polythene (b) PVC (c) Orlon (d) Terylene 23. Nylon is not a [KCET 2004] (a) Condensation polymer (b) Polyamide (c) Copolymer (d) Homopolymer 24. Which of the following is not an example of additional polymer [KCET 2001; CBSE 2001]
(a) Terylene (b) Polypropylene (c) Polyethylene (d) Polystyrene
25. Polythene is (a) Thermoplastic (b) Thermosetting (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 26. Bakelites are (a) Rubber (b) Rayon (c) Resins (d) Plasticisers 27. Which of the following is a step-growth polymer (a) Polyisoprene (b) Polythene (c) Nylon (d) Polyacrylonitrile 28. An example of chain growth polymer is [Pb. PMT 1999] (a) Nylon- 66 (b) Bakelite (c) Terylene (d) Teflon 29. Which of the following is synthetic rubber [NCERT 1978] (a) Buna-S (b) Neoprene (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 30. Which of the following is a linear polymer (a) Nylons (b) Bakelite (c) Low density polythene (d) Melamine-formaldehyde polymer 31. Which of the following is not an example of natural polymer [BHU 1987] (a) Wool (b) Silk (c) Leather (d) Nylon 32. Which of the following is a chain growth polymer (a) Nylon- 6 (b) Dacron (c) Glyptal (d) Polypropylene 33. Natural rubber is a [MP PMT 1994] (a) Polyester (b) Polyamide (c) Polyisoprene (d) Polysaccharide 34. Which of the following is not a synthetic polymer [MP PET 1999] (a) Polyethylene (b) PVC (c) Nylon (d) Cellophane 35. Nylon-66 is a [RPET 1999; MP PMT 1993] (a) Natural polymer (b) Condensation polymer (c) Addition polymer (d) Substitution polymer 36. A condensation polymer among the following polymers is [KCET 2002] (a) PVC (b) Teflon (c) Decron (d) Polystyrene 37. Which of the following is not a natural polymer [AFMC 2003]
(a) Cellulose (b) Protein (c) PVC (d) Nucleic acid
38. Which of the following is not correct regarding terylene [Kerala PMT 2004] (a) Step-growth polymer (b) Synthetic fibre (c) Condensation polymer (d) It is also called decron (e) Thermosetting plastic 39. Which is not a polymer [DPMT 2005] (a) Sucrose (b) Enzyme (c) Starch (d) Teflon
General Methods of Preparation and Mechanism
of Polymerisation
1. Which of the following is a syndiotactic polymer in[ CH (^) 2 C ( YZ )] n (a) All Y groups lie on one side of the chain and all Z groups on the other side (b) The Y and Z groups lie alternately on each side of the chain (c) The Y and Z groups are arranged in a random fashion (d) Y and Z groups are same 2. Polymers of the type Z – Mn – Y, i.e. those which contain a foreign molecule in addition to the recurring unit are known as (a) Semisynthetic polymers (b) Atactic polymers (c) Telomers (d) Plasticiser 3. In the natural rubber ‘Caoutchouc’, the isoprene units are joined by (a) Head-to-head (b) Tail-to-tail (c) Head-to-tail (d) All of these 4. The degree of crystallinity of which of the following is highest (a) Atactic polyvinylchloride (b) Isotactic polyvinylchloride (c) Syndiotactic polyvinylchloride (d) All of these 5. Monomers are converted to polymer by [DCE 2002] (a) Hydrolysis of monomers (b) Condensation reaction between monomers (c) Protonation of monomers (d) None of these 6. Polymer formation from monomers starts by [AIEEE 2002] (a) Condensation reaction between monomers (b) Coordinate reaction between monomers
(a) Dihydric alcohol (b) Polyhydric alcohol (c) Diamine (d) Diester
25. Vinyl chloride can be converted into PVC. In this reaction, the catalyst used is (a) Peroxides (b) Cuprous chloride (c) Anhydrous zinc chloride (d) Anhydrous AlCl 3 26. Terylene is [BHU 2000] (a) An addition polymer with a benzene ring in every repeating unit (b) A condensation polymer with a benzene ring in every repeating unit (c) An addition polymer with two carbon atoms in every repeating unit (d) A condensation polymer with two nitrogen atoms in every repeating unit 27. Teflon is a polymer of the monomer or Teflon is obtained by the polymerisation of [CPMT 1986, 91; MP PET/PMT 1998; AIIMS 2002] (a) Monofluoroethene (b) Difluoroethene (c) Trifluoroethene (d) Tetrafluoroethene 28. The catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethene by Ziegler method is [KCET 1993, 99] (a) Titanium tetrachloride and triphenyl aluminium (b) Titanium tetrachloride and trimethyl aluminium (c) Titanium dioxide (d) Titanium isopropoxide 29. Acetate rayon is prepared from [Kurukshetra CEE 1998] (a) Acetic acid (b) Glycerol (c) Starch (d) Cellulose 30. The compound required for the formation of a thermosetting polymer with methanol is [CBSE 1992, 95; MNR 1993; JIPMER 1999; BHU 2000; AFMC 2000; MP PET 2003; RPMT 2002] (a) Benzene (b) Phenyl amine (c) Benzaldehyde (d) Phenol 31. Which polymer is formed by chloroethene [RPET 1999] (a) Teflon (b) Polyethene (c) PVC (d) Nylon 32. The starting material for the preparation of styrene is [MP PMT 2001] (a) Ethane (b) Ethene (c) Ethyne (d) Vinyl chloride 33. The catalyst used for the polymerisation of olefins is
[Kerala (Engg.) 2002] (a) Ziegler Natta catalyst (b) Wilkinson’s catalyst (c) Pd-catalyst (d) Zeise’s salt catalyst
34. Rayon yarns are obtained from [MP PET 2001] (a) Polymethylene (b) Polyesters (c) Cellulose (d) Styrene 35. Which one of the following monomers gives the polymer neoprene on polymerization [CBSE PMT 2003] (a) CF 2 (^) CF 2 (b) CH (^) 2 CHCl
(c) CCl (^) 2 CCl 2 (d) 2
| 2 CH CH
Cl CH C
36. Terylene is the polymer of [AFMC 1993; Manipal MEE 1995; KCET 1998; 2001] (a) Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid (b) Melamine and formaldehyde (c) Vinyl chloride and formaldehyde (d) Hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid 37. The compound used in the manufacture of terylene is [MP PET 1996] (a) Ethylene (b) Vinyl chloride (c) Ethylene glycol (d) Adipic acid 38. PVC is prepared by the polymerisation of [Pb. CET 2002] (a) Ethylene (b) 1 - chloropropene (c) Propene (d) 1 - chloroethene 39. Condensation product of caprolactum is [BCECE 2005] (a) Nylon- 6 (b) Nylon- 66 (c) Nylon- 60 (d) Nylon-6,
Composition, Properties and Uses of Polymer
1. Discovery of 'nylon' is associated with (a) Newyork and London (b) Newyork and Longuet (c) Nyholm and London (d) None of these 2. Which of the following is resistant to boiling aqua-regia (a) Polythene (b) Perspex (c) Teflon (d) Bakelite 3. Nylon polymers are (a) Acidic (b) Basic (c) Amphoteric (d) Neutral 4. Nylon yarns are usually
(a) Highly inflammable (b) Non-inflammable (c) Both (a) and (b) types are known (d) Uncertain inflammability
5. Which of the following is a synthetic polymer (a) Rubber (b) Perspex (c) Protein (d) Cellulose 6. The mass average molecular mass & number average molecular mass of a polymer are respectively 40,000 and 30,000. The polydispersity index of polymer will be [Kerala CET 2005] (a) < 1 (b) > 1 (c) 1 (d) 0 (e) – 1 7. In the process of forming ‘mercerised cellulose’ the swelling of cellulose is caused by (a) Water (b) Na 2 CO 3 (c) Aq. NaOH (d) Aq. HCl 8. ‘Rayon’ is (a) Natural silk (b) Artificial silk (c) Natural plastic or rubber (d) Synthetic plastic 9. As the molecular weight increases the tensile strength of polymers (a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) Remains unchanged (d) Uncertain 10. Triethyl aluminium titanium chloride used in plastic industry is a (a) Vulcaniser (b) Plasticiser (c) Ziegler-Natta catalyst (d) Telomer 11. Glyptals are chiefly employed in (a) Toy making (b) Surface coating (c) Photofilm making (d) Electrical insulators 12. The sterile gauze (or cotton) used in medicine is obtained by oxidising cellulose with (a) Nitrogen (b) KMnO 4 (c) Nitrogen dioxide (d) Potassium chlorate 13. Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) is (a) Unsaturated, stereoregular (b) Saturated, stereoregular (c) Atactic, unsaturated (d) Syndiotactic, unsaturated 14. The monomeric units of terylene are glycol and which of the following
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
15. Neoprene, a synthetic rubber contains which of the following element besides C and H (a) N (b) O (c) Cl (d) F 16. Acrylic resins are (a) Colourless and transparent (b) Dark brown and thermosetting (c) Dark brown and thermoplastic (d) White like milk 17. Which of the following has a higher glass- transition temperature (a) Polyethylene (b) Polypropylene (c) Polyvinylchloride (d) Polystyrene 18. A polymer with the high chemical stability has M. P. 327 oC and the density of complete crystalline sample is 2. 3 g / cm^3 .It can be (a) PVC (b) Teflon (c) Melamine (d) Bakelite 19. The process of vulcanisation makes rubber (a) Soluble in water (b) Elastic (c) Hard (d) Soft 20. Terylene is a [AFMC 1989; MP PET 1994; RPET 1999; Kerala (med.) 2002; MP PMT 2004] (a) Polyamide (b) Polyester (c) Polyethylene (d) Polypropylene 21. F 2 (^) C CF 2 is the monomer of [CBSE PMT 2000] (a) Nylon- 6 (b) Buna-S (c) Glyptal (d) Teflon 22. Molecular mass of a polymer is (a) Small (b) Very small (c) Negligible (d) Large 23. Which of the following has cross-links (a) Vulcanised rubber (b) Nylon (c) Phenol-formaldehyde resins (d) Both (a) and (c) are correct 24. Orlon is a polymer of [NCERT 1984; BHU 1995; AFMC 1997; DCE 2001] (a) Styrene (b) Tetrafluoro ethylene (c) Vinyl chloride (d) Acrylonitrile 25. Caprolactam is the monomer of [DCE 2000] (a) Nylon- 6 (b) Glyptal (c) P.T.F.E. (d) Melamine 26. Which of the following intermolecular forces are present in ‘nylon – 66’ [JIPMER 1997] (a) Vander Waals (b) Hydrogen bonding (c) Dipole-dipole interaction (d) None of these
OH OH
OH
OH
OH OH OH
OH OH
(c) Polystyrene (d) Polyvinyl
48. Isoprene is a valuable substance for making [MP PET 2002; UPSEAT 2004] (a) Propene (b) Liquid fuel (c) Synthetic rubber (d) Petrol 49. Terylene is used for making [AFMC 2002] (a) Silks (b) Fabrics (c) Seat belts (d) All of these 50. Nylon threads are made of [MP PMT 2001, 03; AIEEE 2003] (a) Polyvinyl polymer (b) Polyester polymer (c) Polyamide polymer (d) Polyethylene polymer 51. Nylon – 66 is [RPMT 2003]
(a) n
NH CH NH
O CH C
O C
26
|| 24
|| ( ) ( )
(b)
O NH CH C
|| ( 2 ) 5
(c) n
CH
COOMe
CH C
|^3 (^2) |
(d) F n
C
F
F
C
F
| |
| |
52. Which of the following is currently used as a tyre cord [Kerala (Med.) 2003] (a) Terelene (b) Polyethylene (c) Polypropylene (d) Nylon - 6 53. PVC is polymer of [CPMT 2003] (a) CH (^) 2 CH 2 (b) CH (^) 2 CH Cl (c) CH (^) 2 CH CH 2 Cl (d) CH (^) 3 CH CH Cl 54. Teflon is a polymer of [Kerala PMT 2004] (a) Tetrafluoro ethane (b) Tetrafluro propene (c) Difluorodichloro ethane (d) Difluoro ethene (e) Trifluoro ethene 55. Which of the following is used in vulcanization of rubber [MH CET 2004]
(a) SF 6 (b) CF 4 (c) Cl 2 F 2 (d) C 2 F 2
56. PVC is used for …….. [Orissa JEE 2002] (a) Manufacture of cosmetics (b) Manufacture of tyres (c) Manufacture of nonstick pans (d) Manufacture of plastic pipes 57. Polythene is a resin obtained by polymerisation of or The monomer unit in polythene is [CPMT 1983; JIPMER 1997; MP PMT 2002] (a) Butadiene (b) Ethylene (c) Isoprene (d) Propylene 58. The monomer of the polymer
CH C | CH 2 C (^2) | 3 3 CH
CH is
[MH CET 2004; CBSE PMT 2005] (a) 3 2 3 CH H^ C C CH (b) ( CH (^) 3 ) 2 C C ( CH 3 ) 2 (c) (^) CH (^) 3 CH CHCH 3 (d) CH (^) 3 CH CH 2
59. The monomer of Nylon-6 is/are [DPMT 2004] (a) HO CH 2 CH 2 OH HOOC COOH (b) H (^) 2 O
(c) F 2 (^) C CF 2 (d) H 2 (^) C CH 2
60. Which of the following is teflon [MP PMT 2000, 03]
(a)
H H n
C C
H H
| |
| | (b)
H H n
C C
HCH
| |
| |
3
(c)
F F n
C C
F F
| |
| | (d)
F Cl n
C C
H F
| |
| |
61. Thermosetting plastics are (a) Soluble in water (b) Soluble in alcohol (c) Soluble in benzene (d) Insoluble 62. Cellulose is (a) ( C (^) 6 H 10 O 5 ) n (b)( C (^) 3 H 3 N 3 ) n (c) ( C (^) 3 H 6 N 6 ) n (d)( C (^) 12 H 22 O 11 ) n 63. The molecular weight of cellulose varies between (a) 1000 to 20000 (b) 200 00 to 500000
CH 3
CH 3
O
NH
(c) 100 to 200 (d) 1000000 to 5000000
64. The value of n in the formula (^) ( C (^) 5 H 10 O 5 ) n for inulin is about (a) 30 (b) 300 (c) 3000 (d) 300000 65. ‘Starch’ consists of two fractions; one is amylose and the other is (a) Amylopectin (b) Glycogen (c) Pecticamide (d) Alginic acid 66. The process of heat-softening, moulding and cooling to rigidness' can be repeated for which plastics (a) Thermoplastics (b) Thermosetting plastics (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above 67. In the trinitrocellulose each glucose unit contains how many OH groups (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 68. Shellac contains mainly (a) Cellulose (b) Polyhydroxy organic acids (c) Polyamides (d) Polyesters 69. In elastomer, intermolecular forces are [AIIMS 2000; BHU 2004] (a) Nil (b) Weak (c) Strong (d) Very strong 70. Cellulose is a polymer of [CBSE PMT 2002] (a) Fructose (b) Ribose (c) Glucose (d) Sucrose 71. Which of the following polymer has ester linkage [BVP 2004] (a) Nylon- 66 (b) PVC (c) Terylene (d) SBR 72. Acrilan is a hard, horny and a high melting material. Which of the following represents its structure [CBSE PMT 2003]
(a) Cl n
CH CH
2 | (b) CN n
CH CH
(c) n
CH
COOCH
CH C
3
3
| (^2) | (d) COOC H n
CH
2 5
|
73. Which of the following has amide links (a) Protein (b) Nylon
(c) Peptide (d) All of these
74. Which of the following is a polyamide [AIEEE 2005] (a) Teflon (b) Nylon – 66 (c) Terylene (d) Bakelite 75. Which of the following is fully fluorinated polymer [AIEEE 2005] (a) Neoprene (b) Teflon (c) Thiokol (d) PVC 76. Three dimensional molecules with cross links are formed in the case of a [KCET 2005] (a) Thermoplastic (b) Thermosetting plastic (c) Both (d) None 1. Trans-form of polyisoprene is (a) Guttapercha (b) Hydrochloride rubber (c) Buna-N (d) Synthetic rubber 2. Wash and wear clothes are manufactured using (a) Nylon fibres (b) Cotton mixed with nylon (c) Terylene fibres (d) Wool fibres 3. In the manufacture of polythene by the Ziegler process using ethylene, the temperature for proper polymerisation required is (a) Below 10 oC (b) 10 o^ to 50 oC (c) 50 o^ to 80 oC (d) 80 o^ to 140 oC 4. High density polyethylene (HDPE) can be prepared from ethylene by (a) Ziegler-Natta process (b) Heating with peroxides (c) Condensing in sealed tubes (d) Condensing with styrenes 5. Perlon is [AFMC 2001] (a) Rubber (b) Nylon- 6 (c) Terelene (d) Oxlon 6. Styrene at room temparature is (a) Solid (b) Liquid (c) Gas (d) Colloidal solution 7. Which one of the following can be used as monomer in a polymerisation reaction [MP PMT 1993] (a) CH (^) 3 CH 2 Cl (b) CH (^) 3 CH 2 OH (c) C 6 H 6 (d) C 3 H 6 8. The Zieglar-Natta catalysts are
Classification of Polymer
1 c 2 d 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 d 7 d 8 a 9 a 10 d 11 d 12 c 13 d 14 a 15 d 16 b 17 d 18 d 19 b 20 b 21 a 22 d 23 d 24 a 25 a 26 c 27 c 28 d 29 c 30 a 31 d 32 d 33 c 34 d 35 b 36 c 37 c 38 e 39 a
General methods of preparation and mechanism
of polymerisation
1 b 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 a 7 b 8 b 9 d 10 c 11 b 12 b 13 a 14 c 15 c 16 a 17 c 18 a 19 b 20 b 21 b 22 c 23 a 24 c 25 a 26 b 27 d 28 b 29 d 30 d 31 c 32 c 33 a 34 c 35 d 36 a 37 c 38 d 39 a
Composition, Properties and Uses of Polymer
1 a 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 b 7 c 8 b 9 a 10 c 11 b 12 c 13 b 14 c 15 c 16 a 17 d 18 b 19 c 20 b 21 d 22 d 23 d 24 d 25 a 26 b 27 c 28 b 29 b 30 c 31 b 32 a 33 c 34 a 35 b 36 d 37 b 38 b 39 d 40 a 41 d 42 d 43 a 44 d 45 c 46 c 47 a 48 c 49 d 50 c 51 a 52 d 53 b 54 a 55 a 56 d 57 b 58 a 59 b 60 c 61 d 62 a 63 b 64 a 65 a 66 a 67 b 68 b 69 b 70 c 71 c 72 b 73 d 74 b 75 b 76 b
Critical Thinking Questions
1 a 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 b 6 b 7 d 8 a 9 c 10 d 11 c 12 d 13 a 14 b 15 d 16 b
Assertion and Reason
1 e 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 b
Classification of Polymer
1. (c) Bakelite is thermosetting polymer. It becomes infusible on heating and can not be remoulded 4. (c) Natural rubber is the only addition polymer of nature and is known as Cis 1 , 4 polyisoprene. 6. (d) Wax is a molecular solid. 9. (a) It is present in the cell wall of plant. 12. (c) Starch is a natural polymer and other are synthetic. 13. (d) Protein is a natural polymer of amino acids. 17. (d) Amylose is a linear polymer of D Glucose ( 1 4 linkage) n
( Glucose Glucose Glucose –)
C C
18. (d) Silk is protein fibre. Dacron is polyester fibre and Nylon-66 is polyamide fibre. 19. (b) Natural rubber is addition polymer of isoprene (2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene) 2 Poly merisa tion 3
2 | CH CH
CH
nCH C
20. (b) Polyethylene is a homopolymer n CH 2 CH 2 ( CH 2 CH 2 ) n 21. (a) Cellulose is the natural fibre which are biodegradable polymer rest are synthetic polymer which are not biodegradable. 23. (d) Nylon is the copolymer of Hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid. It is not a homo- polymer because homopolymer formed by two same monomer unit.
CH CH n CH
( CH C | 2 ) 3
2
Naturalrubber
25. (a) Thermoplastic are those which becomes soft on heating and can be remoulded again. 2 6. (c) Resins are amorphous organic solids or semisolids which usually have a typical lustre and are often transparent or translucent. 27. (c) Step growth polymerization involves condensation reaction between two difunctional monomer to produce dimer which in turn, produce, tetramer and so on with the loss of simple molecules like H (^) 2 O , NH 3 , HCl etc. 29. (c) Buna- S and Neoprene both are synthetic rubber. 31. (d) Nylon is a synthetic polymer. 35. (b) Nylon- 66 is manufactured by the condensation polymerization of adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine with the lose of H 2 O as steam. 36. (c) The polymer formed by the condensation polymerisation is known as condensation polymer. Decron (Terylene) is a condensation polymer. It is formed by the condensation polymerisation of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. 37. (c) PVC is a synthetic polymer made by vinylchloride. 38. (e) Terylene is fibre not a thermosetting plastic because on heating they melt and do not show plastic property while rest option are true regarding to Terylen 39. (a) Sucrose is a disaccharides which upon acid or enzymatic hydrolysis gives only two molecules of monosaccharides. Sucrose H orinvertaaseD(+)-glucose+(D)(–)- fructose
General methods of preparation and mechanism
of Polymerisation
1. (b) There are 3 stereo chemical arrangements are possible (i) Isotactic (Same order):- Here groups are arranged on one side of the chain. All Y groups lie on one side and all Z groups on the opposite side of the chain.
(ii) Syndiotactic (Alternating order) - The Y and Z groups lie alternately on each side of the chain.
(iii) Atactic (Random order) - The Y and Z groups are arranged in a random fashion.
3. (c)
Tail 2 3
|
Head 2
Tail 2 3
|
Head 2 CH CH
CH CH CH C CH CH
CH C
CH n CH
CH CH C CH
CH
( CH C CH 2 )
3
(^22) | 2
From steric effects, the polymer formed has head to tail configuration.
4. (c) Syndiotactic polyvinylchloride
Cl CH CH Cl
CH CH
Cl CH CH Cl
CH CH
| (^2) | 2
| (^2) | 2
Cl n
CH CH
2 |
In this arrangement the chlorine atoms are alternately arranged. The polymer is stereoregular and has high crystallinity.
5. (b) HCC^ OH H G
H H CH C
G
H HC C
2 | (^2) | 2 |
Repeat H n G
( CH 2 C | )
7. (b) The condensation polymerisation of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid is done in solution form by interface technique. In this liquid nylon polymer is obtained. n. H 2 N ( CH 2 ) 6 NH 2 nHOOC CH COOH nH 2 O ( 2 ) 4 Poly merisa^ tion (^) [ HN ( CH 2 ) 6 NHCO Ny lon ( CH 2 ) 4 CO ] n 8. (b) Condensation Polymerization because loss of water molecule takes place. 10. (c) e.g. - PVC is extremely stiff and hard but the addition of di - n butyl phthalate Plasticizers makes it soft and rubber like. 14. (c) Polymers formed by condensation process with eliminaiton of small molecule like H 2 O , CO 2 etc.^ are^ known^ as^ condensation polymers. eg. CH HCl O
CHCH^ C ^ O HCH C ||^3 dil 3 Acetone 2
3
Polym er
Y
Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
Y
Y
Z
2 | CH CH 2
Cl
CH C (chloroprene)
while Isoprene 2 3
( (^2) | CH CH
CH C CH ) is the
monomer of natural rubber.
42. (d) Teflon has great chemical inertness and high thermal stability, hence used for making non- stick utensils. For this purpose, a thin layer of teflon is coated on the inner side of the vessel. 43. (a) Also known as PMMA. It is a transparent, excellent light transmitter and its optical clarity better than glass so it is used in the preparation of lenses for eyes. 45. (c) Teflon is non-inflammable and resistant to heat so it is used in coating, particularly in non-sticking frying pans. 46. (c) DDT is an organic compound used as insectiside not is a polymer. 47. (a) All the nylons are polyamides. 48. (c) Rubber is a polymer of isoprene. Its chemical formula is ( C (^) 5 H 8 ) n. 54. (a) Tetrafluor^2 oethane^22 Teflon 2
nCF CF [ CF CF ] n
55. (a) SF 6 is used in the vulcanisation of rubber. Sulphur is heated with polymer to introduce cross-linking and thus, form tough polymer. 58. (a)
3 3
2
CH CH
H C C
59. (b) The monomer used in the preparation of Nylon-6 is caprolactam.
H 2 O HOOC ( CH 2 ) 5 NH 2 HNO
HOOC ( CH 2 ) 5 HN CO ( CH 2 ) 5 NH 2
Nylon- 6
25
| ( )
|| C CH N n
O H
64. (a) 30 - Inulin ( C 5 H 10 O 5 ) 30 is found in the “Roots of Dahaliya”. 69. (b) Polymer chain in elastomer are held together by weak intermolecular forces eg. Vulacanised rubber. 71. (c) Terylene has ester linkage. It is the polymer of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid. It is used in textile industry.
OCHCH OC C n
O O
|| || 2 2
74. (b) Nylons are polyamide fibres. 76. (b) Thermosetting plastics have three dimensional cross-linked structure. Such polymers are prepared in two steps. The first step is the foramtion of long chain molecules which are capable of further reaction with each other. the second step is the application of heat which cause a reaction to occur between the chains, thus producing a complex cross-linked polymer.
Critical Thinking Questions
1. (a) Guttapercha rubber is very hard horny material consisting of trans 1, 4 - polyisoprene polymer 2. (c) The fibre of terylene is highly crease - resistant, durable and has low moisture content. It is also not damaged by pests like moths and mildew. It is therefore used for the manufacture of wash and wear fabrics. It is also blended with cotton (Terycot) and wool (Terywool) to increase their resistance to wear and tear. 3. (c) The reaction carried out at temp. 50°-80° C. 4. (a) HDPE is prepared by co-ordination polymerization which occurs through the intermediate formation of co-ordination complexes. For example, ethylene first forms a co-ordination complex with the transition metal titanium by donating its -electrons. The complex thus formed then reacts stepwise with a large number of ethylene molecules ultimately leading to the formation of a polymer. The polythene so obtained has high density ( 0. 97 g / cm^3 )and higher m.pt. (403 K ) as compare to LDPE (density- 0. g / cm^3 and m.pt. 384 K ) 5. (b) Perlon is Nylon-6. It is prepared from a single monomer having a potential amino group of one end and a potential carbonyl group of other end. 6. (b) Styrene at room temperature is liquid. 7. (d)
Poly propene
3
(^3) Propene 2 2 | CH n
n CH CH CH CH CH
8. (a) Zieglar Natta catalyst is a mixture of TiCl 4 and ( C (^) 2 H 5 ) 3 Al^ used^ in^ the^ synthesis^ of stereoregular polymers. 9. (c) Melamine is the phenol-urea resin which are white crystalline solid. 10. (d) Glyptal is a polymer of phthallic acid and Glycol.
NH
O
Dacron or terylene
11. (c) Glyptal is an alkyd resin of ethylene glycol ( HO CH 2 CH 2 OH ). 12. (d) The raw rubber is plastic in nature. It becomes soft at high temperature. It has little durability and it has large water absorption capacity. 13. (a) Chain growth polymers involve a series of reaction each of which consume a reactive particles & produces another similar one. The reactive particles may be free radicals or ions (cation or anion) to which monomers get added by a chain reaction. It is an important reaction of alkenes & conjugated dienes or indeed of all kinds of compounds that contains C–C double bond
3
2 2 AlCl
CH^ CH
C
FeO CrO 650^ o
^2 3 /^2 ^3
n
CH CH
^ 2
14. (b) Cellulose acetate known as celanese silk. 15. (d) Ebonite is a hard and highly (20-30%) vulcanized rubber. 16. (b) PMMA is used in bullet proof glass.
Assertion & Reason
1. (e) The time of vulcanisation is reduced by adding accelerators and activators. 2. (b) Hydrogenation or hardening of oil is a process in which various unsaturated radicals of fatty glycerides are converted into more highly or completely saturated glycerides by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, usually finely divided nickel. 3. (b) Vulcanisation is a process of treating natural rubber with sulphur or some compounds of sulphur under heat so as to modify its properties. This cross-linking give mechanical strength to the rubber. 4. (c) Bakelite can be heated only once. 5. (b) Due to the presence of strong C – F bonds, teflon has high thermal stability and chemical inertness.
CH 2 CH 3^ CH^ = CH^2
( C^6 H^5 CO )^2 O
