Assignment
By Shikh a Pandey
1. Explain characteristics of Manic Episodes?
DSM 5 defines manic episodes through the following key characteristics:
Abnormally & persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood & abnormally or persistently
increased goal-directed activity
Present for at least 1 week or interrupted by hospitalization or emergency treatment
Most of the day, nearly every day (unless hospitalized)
3 or more of the following; 4 if irritable:
i. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
ii. Decreased need for sleep
iii. More talkative than usual
iv. Flight of ideas or racing thoughts
v. Distractibility
vi. Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
vii. Activities with painful consequences
Marked impairment, hospitalization needed, or psychosis
Not due to substance or other medical condition
Cause severe functional impairment
Characteristic of Bipolar I disorder
A manic episode is characterized by a sustained period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, intense
energy, racing thoughts, and other extreme and exaggerated behaviors. People can also experience
psychosis, including hallucinations and delusions, which indicate a separation from reality.
The symptoms of mania can last for a week or more and manic episodes may be interspersed within
periods of depression during which you may experience fatigue, sadness, and hopelessness. While manic
episodes are most common in people with bipolar disorder, there are other causes for these extreme
changes in behavior and mood.
i. Inflated self-esteem (grandiosity)
Grandiosity is defined as an exaggerated sense of importance which may be in power, knowledge,
or identity, and which often has religious overtones ("I was sent to be a shepherd for my flock").
It's important to note that delusions of grandeur are not present in hypomania, but grandiose
thinking like "I'm going to quit my job and write a novel" is a possible hypomanic symptom.
ii. Decreased Need for Sleep
