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Case Ashish, an 8-year-old third grader, was halfway through the second grading period when his parents asked for another conference with his teacher. His grades were very low with failure to complete class assignments and inconsistent performance on homework. He was very restless during the classes. This wasn't the first time the school had raised concerns. Ashish was struggling with reading at the end of first grade in spite of testing by the school guidance counsellor which showed very good ability. At the time Ashish complained that all the noises in the classroom were distracting. His father complained that Ashish’s mother was not consistent with discipline. His mother argued that it didn't seem right that Ashish was always grounded and prohibited from all of his favourite activities. What to do for practical? Analyse the case and diagnose the case with explanation. Provide code for your diagnosis according to DSMV. Suggest psychological assessments (if required) Suggest management plan.
Submitted by Shikha Pandey
Ashish is a 8 years old boy, currently studying in third standard and has been facing trouble with acquiring consistent passing grades in his homework and classwork assignments as well as exams due to either inconsistent performance and completion of the given task. The child has difficulty in reading when placed in noisy classroom, and always is restless during the class. Ashish has a history of these complains since the first grade, and although he showed a good mental capability in the assessment conducted by the school counsellor at the end of his first standard, the problem is still persistent after the intervention. From the above observation it can be concluded that the child is presenting signs and symptoms of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). Distinguishing features of ADHD are short attention span and high levels of distractibility for chronological age and developmental level. In school, children with ADHD often exhibit difficulties following instructions and require increased individualized attention from teachers. The following symptoms can be derived from the above details and also complies with the diagnosis:
Psychosocial interventions for children with ADHD include: psychoeducation, academic organization skills remediation, parent training, behaviour modification in the classroom and at home, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and social skills training. A common aim of treatment is to help parents of children with ADHD understand and encourage the notion that while the child does not show signs of ADHD "voluntarily" he or she is still capable of meeting realistic standards. Most parenting training is focused on helping parents develop useful behavioural strategies that target both social and academic habits with positive reinforcement. For children with ADHD who have great difficulty working in group environments, especially in school, group therapy aimed at both refining social skills and growing self- esteem and a sense of achievement can be very useful.