Download ARDMS Abdomen Board Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
ARDMS Abdomen Board Exam
Questions With 100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Updated 2024
3 layers of Aorta - Correct Answer-Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia What is the tunica intima made of - Correct Answer- endothelial cells (inner layer) What is the tunica media made of - Correct Answer-muscle, thicker and more organized layer in arteries (middle layer) What is the tunica adventitia made of - Correct Answer- epithelial cells (outer layer) Where does the aorta arise from - Correct Answer-Left ventricle Where is the aorta located - Correct Answer-Anterior and to the left of the spine and left of the IVC (most posterior abdominal vessel)
Name the paired branches of aorta - Correct Answer- Suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, lumbar arteries, and common iliac arteries Name the unpaired branches of the aorta - Correct Answer- celiac axis (common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery), SMA, IMA, median sacral artery Name the anterior branches of the aorta - Correct Answer- celiac axis, SMA, IMA, gonadal arteries, and median sacral artery Name the lateral branches of aorta - Correct Answer- suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, and common iliac arteries Where do the common iliac arteries bifurcate - Correct Answer-L3- 4 Average normal proximal measurement of aorta - Correct Answer-2.0 - 2.6 cm
Where does retroperitoneal fibrosis most commonly occur at - Correct Answer-aortic bifurcation and below What is the most common location of splanchnic artery aneurysm - Correct Answer-splenic artery Where does the IVC and SVC empty - Correct Answer-right atrium What are the tributaries of the IVC - Correct Answer-CIV, lumbar veins, gonadal veins, renal veins, suprarenal veins, hepatic veins What is the most common variation of IVC anatomy - Correct Answer-duplicated IVC What is a transposed IVC - Correct Answer-IVC on left side of abdomen and crosses anterior to aorta What is an interrupted IVC - Correct Answer-congenital anomaly where IVC doesn't extend the entire way to the right atrium
Dilated hemiazygos and azygos veins indicate what - Correct Answer-interrupted IVC, IVC obstruction, and IVC overload What is the largest soft tissue organ - Correct Answer-liver The liver is encapsulated by - Correct Answer-Glisson capsule Bare areas of the liver - Correct Answer-portion of liver not covered by peritoneum/capsule. Fluid cannot accumulate here because liver is indirect contact with diaphragm What are the bare areas of the liver - Correct Answer-GB fossa, porta hepatis, and superior surface to the right of IVC Where is the porta hepatis located - Correct Answer-liver hilum on the inferior surface of liver What is the porta hepatis bordered by - Correct Answer-GB fossa and lig teres What is the portal triad - Correct Answer-portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
Where is the caudate lobe located - Correct Answer-between IVC and medial left lobe, occupies posterior surface of the liver What do the triangular ligaments do of the liver - Correct Answer-Right and left, attaches superior liver to diaphragm, located at medial and lateral edges of bare area What is the coronary ligament of the liver - Correct Answer- right and left suspend the posterior superior surface of the liver from diaphragm, lateral margins form the triangular ligaments What is the falciform ligament of the liver - Correct Answer- attaches anterior surface to abdominal wall from diaphragm to umbilicus What is the ligamentum teres - Correct Answer-separates medial and lateral left lobes, remnant of umbilical vein What is the ligamentum teres also called - Correct Answer- Round Ligament
What is the ligamentum Venosum - Correct Answer-remnant of ductus venosus from fetal circulation, thin echogenic line anterior to the caudate lobe, separates caudate lobe from left lobe medial segment What is the hepatoduodenal ligament - Correct Answer- peritoneal folds at the porta hepatis that surround the portal vein, bile duct, and hepatic artery What is the main lobar fissure - Correct Answer-divides right and left lobes, connects the GB and IVC fossa What is the Couinaud's Liver Segments - Correct Answer- method for liver lesion localization and surgical planning, divides liver into 8 functional segments The right and left lobes of liver are separated by imaginary line from GB fossa to IVC called - Correct Answer-the Rex- Cantlie line The right lobe is segmented into - Correct Answer-2 anterior and 2 posterior lobes
What percent of blood does the common hepatic artery carry into the liver - Correct Answer-20% What percent of blood does the main portal vein carry into the liver - Correct Answer-80% What does the gastroduodenal artery supply - Correct Answer-pancreas and stomach What does the proper hepatic artery supply - Correct Answer- liver and GB What is the RI of the hepatic artery - Correct Answer-low resistance, .55 -. What does the portal venous system drain - Correct Answer- blood from the digestive tract and delivers it to the liver for filtration The IMV joins the splenic vein near the - Correct Answer-tail of the pancreas
What is the portal confluence - Correct Answer-confluence of SMV and splenic vein posterior to the head of pancreas What does the MPV drain - Correct Answer-GI tract and sends blood to liver for filtration The hepatic veins divide the liver into - Correct Answer-lobes (intersegmental veins) What is the normal pressure in the portal vein - Correct Answer- 5 - 10 mmHg A normal portal vein will ___________ in diameter by more than 20% with deep inspiration - Correct Answer-increase What is the normal diameter of the MPV - Correct Answer-< 13 mm What is the normal velocity of the MPV - Correct Answer- 15 - 20 m/s
The IMV ascends to the left of the ____ - Correct Answer-IMA The IMV joins _________ vein posterior to body of pancreas - Correct Answer-splenic vein posterior to body of pancreas What does the IMV drain - Correct Answer-distal colon Where do the hepatic veins enter IVC - Correct Answer-just below the diaphragm The hepatic veins drain blood from the ________ and return it to the heart - Correct Answer-liver What is the most common variation in hepatic vein anatomy - Correct Answer-an accessory right hepatic vein What is the direction of flow in the hepatic veins - Correct Answer-hepatofugal What are the functional unit of the liver? - Correct Answer- lobules which are composed of hepatocytes
The portal triad tracts course _____________ to the lobules of liver tissue - Correct Answer-adjacent What do the hepatocytes surround - Correct Answer- periphery of veins What do the hepatocytes do - Correct Answer-synthesize, metabolize, and excrete compounds What do the walls of the sinusoids contain - Correct Answer- endothelial and Kupffer cells that phagocytize bacteria and foreign material What are the functions of the liver - Correct Answer-1. metabolism of digestive products
- storage of vitamins, iron, glycogen, fat, amino acids
- detoxification
- bile production and excretion
- albumin and globulin formation
- lymph production
AST is NOT elevated with - Correct Answer-isolated biliary obstruction Causes for increased AST with normal ALT include - Correct Answer-myocardial infarction, CHF, muscle injury, CNS disease, other NON hepatic disorders What is Alanine Aminotransferase necessary for - Correct Answer-energy production ALT is released into blood with ______ _____ damage - Correct Answer-liver cell ALT is used to evaluate the level of - Correct Answer-jaundice and monitor hepatitis and cirrhosis ALT is increased with - Correct Answer-hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver tumors, biliary obstruction, and Reye syndrome Where is alkaline phosphatase found - Correct Answer-liver, bone, and placenta
Alkaline phosphatase is normally excreted with - Correct Answer-bile Increased Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) indicates - Correct Answer-biliary obstruction from tumors, cholelithiasis, or biliary atresia If ALP is elevated alone then the cause may be - Correct Answer-related to bone disease, pregnancy, or hyperparathyroidism Where is Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase normally found - Correct Answer-liver cells and biliary epithelium What is the most sensitive indicator for alcoholism? - Correct Answer-Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) Marked increase of GGTP indicates - Correct Answer-liver disease and post hepatic biliary obstruction Moderate increase of GGTP is seen with - Correct Answer-liver damage due to alcohol, drugs, and chemotherapy
What is post hepatic jaundice caused by - Correct Answer- mechanical obstruction of the biliary tree What are the relative echogenicities in the abdomen from hyperechoic to hypoechoic - Correct Answer-renal sinus > pancreas > liver > spleen > renal parenchyma What is agenesis of liver - Correct Answer-absence of liver formation What are accessory fissures of the liver - Correct Answer-rare, caused by infolding of the peritoneum What is partial situs inversus - Correct Answer-abdomen contents reversed, liver LUQ What is complete situs inversus - Correct Answer-chest and abdomen contents reversed, liver LUQ and heart in right chest What is Reidel's lobe - Correct Answer-extension of right lobe below the lower pole of right kidney (right lobe large, left lobe is normal size)
Reidel's lobe is more common in _________ - Correct Answer- women Sonographic appearance of Reidel's lobe - Correct Answer- right lobe extends below lower pole of right kidney, can extend medially, NORMAL echotexture What is the normal transverse measurement of the GB - Correct Answer-< 5 cm Where is the GB fossa located? - Correct Answer-posterior inferior surface of right lobe of liver What does the main lobar fissure connect - Correct Answer- right portal vein to GB neck What artery supplies the GB - Correct Answer-cystic artery (originates from right hepatic artery) What vein is the GB drained by? - Correct Answer-cystic vein into the right portal vein
