Applications of Nanomaterials in Catalysis, Telecommunication, and Medicine, Slides of Applied Chemistry

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Applications of Nanomaterials in Catalysis,

Telecommunication and Medicine

Dr. Suchismita Acharya

Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine

• In 1959 , physicist Richard Feynman (Nobel Laureate) gave a radical lecture at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech titled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”.
• He suggested that it should be possible to make machines at a nano-scale that "arrange the atoms the way we want", and do chemical synthesis by mechanical manipulation
• Albert R. Hibbs (mathematician) suggests a very interesting possibility for relatively small machines.
• He says that… “It would be interesting in surgery if you could swallow the surgeon. You put the mechanical surgeon inside the blood vessel and it goes into the heart and ``looks'' around … It finds out which valve is the faulty one and takes a little knife and slices it out. Other small machines might be permanently incorporated in the body to assist some inadequately- functioning organ”.
• What Feynman and Hibbs considered a possibility, today is becoming a reality.

Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine

• Thus variety of nano particles such as dendrimers, and nano porous materials find application.
• Micelles obtained from block co-polymers, are used for drug encapsulation. They transport small drug molecules to the desired location.
• Iron nano particles or gold shells are finding important application in the cancer treatment.

Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine

Application of Nanomaterials in Catalysis

• Substance that increases a chemical reaction rate without being consumed or chemically altered

Catalyst

• Catalysts are of two types a) Homogenous, b) Heterogeneous
  • Nano-catalysts have combined advantages of both the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems.
  • Nano catalytic system allows the rapid, selective chemical transformations with excellent product yield coupled with the ease of catalyst separation and recovery.

Application of Nanomaterials in Catalysis

• Recovery of catalysts from the system is most important characteristics of any catalyst before being acceptable for green chemical manufacturing processes in industry.
• Because of nano size (high surface area) the contact between reactants and catalyst increases dramatically (this phenomenon is close to homogeneous catalysis).
• Insolubility in the reaction solvent makes the catalyst heterogeneous and hence can be separated out easily from the reaction mixture (this phenomenon is close to heterogeneous catalysis)

Application of Nanomaterials in Catalysis

• Energy Efficient, Minimum Chemical Waste, Reduce Global Warming, Water Remediation, Improved Economy, Super Catalysts & Reagents
• Water Purification, Biodiesel Production, Fuel Cell Application, Drug Delivery, Photo Catalytic Activity, Thin Film Solar Cell, Environmental Protection, Nano Toxicology, Solid Rocket Propellant

Applications of Nano catalysis

Benefits of Nano catalysis

Nano Catalysis for Bio-Diesel Production

• The nano catalyst (KCaF 3 ) is well used to convert the oil with higher acid value into biodiesel.
• It is porous with particle sizes of 30 – 100 nm that helps in catalytic activity and stability
• The high specific surface area and large pore size are favorable for contact between catalyst and substrates, which effectively improved efficiency of transesterification.
• The solid base nanocatalyst KF/CaO can be used to convert Chinese tallow seed oil to biodiesel with yield of more than 96 %.

Application of Nanorobots in Communication

• Nanomachines/ molecular machines/ nanorobots are made up of with the components (sensors, antenna, etc.) having size in the range of nanoscale
• Nanorobots can be injected into the blood stream to monitor sugar level, early diagnosis, targeted drug delivery and many others
• All the above assigned work can be perform on a real time basis by connecting/communicating to the smart watch
• Nanorobots could get power directly from the bloodstream. A nanorobot with mounted electrodes could form a battery using the electrolytes found in blood

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