Download AP PHYSICS 1: UNIT 5 PROGRESS CHECK: MCQ PART A & B and more Exams Physics in PDF only on Docsity!
AP PHYSICS 1: UNIT 5 PROGRESS CHECK: MCQ PART A & B
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
"Cart X with a mass of 1kg is released from rest at the top of an inclined ramp, and the cart rolls down the ramp with negligible friction. At the bottom of the ramp, cart X collides with cart Y, which is initially at rest. The collision is completely inelastic, and both cart X and cart Y have equal masses. Before and after the collision, data are collected about the distance d each cart travels as a function of time t. The table shows data about cart X before the collision as it travels down the ramp. Which of the following sets of data could
represent the collision for cart X and cart Y? - CORRECT ANSWER 12,14,16,18"
"Block X and block Y are tied together by a rope. The system containing block X and block Y is released from rest on a ramp, as shown in the figure. Block Y has a smaller mass than block X. Which of the following claims is correct regarding the momentum of the system containing only block X and the system that
contains block X and block Y? - CORRECT ANSWER The system containing block XX is an open system,
and the system of both blocks is an open system." "A toy car of mass 2kg travels along a horizontal surface with negligible friction at a speed of 1.0ms. The car then collides with a vertical wall. The wall applies a force of magnitude 20N for 0.2s on the toy car. Which
of the following predicts the motion of the toy car immediately after the collision? - CORRECT ANSWER
The speed of the car will remain the same, and the car will travel in the opposite direction." "A force is applied to a 2kg object, and measurements of the force as a function of time are shown. The force is the only force exerted on the object and is applied in the direction of the object's velocity. Which of
the following could represent the initial velocity, v0, and the final velocity, vf, of the object? - CORRECT
ANSWER v0=4 vf=6"
"Two objects of the same mass travel in opposite directions along a horizontal surface. Object X has a speed of 5ms and object Y has a speed of 5ms, as shown in the figure. After a period of time, object X collides with object Y. In scenario 1, the objects stick together after the collision. In scenario 2, the objects do not stick together after the collision. Which of the following claims is true regarding how the outcome of scenario 1 is different from the
outcome of scenario 2? - CORRECT ANSWER The kinetic energy of the system in scenario 1 will be less
than that in scenario 2 after the collision." "A block travels across a horizontal surface in which frictional forces are not considered to be negligible, as shown in the figure. Which of the following quantities should a student measure to verify that the direction of the frictional force exerted on the block from the surface is in the same direction as the change
in momentum of the block? Select two answers. Justify your selections. - CORRECT ANSWER The initial
velocity, because the initial momentum of the block is proportional to the final momentum of the block.
The final velocity, because the initial momentum of the block is proportional to the final momentum of the block."
"What is the speed of the center of mass of the two-block system immediately before the collision? -
CORRECT ANSWER The speed is v."
"How could a student verify that the collision under consideration is an inelastic collision for the two-block
system? - CORRECT ANSWER By comparing the final kinetic energy of the system with the initial kinetic
energy of the system" "Block X and block Y travel toward each other along a horizontal surface with block X traveling in the positive direction. Block X has a mass of 4kg and a speed of 2ms. Block Y has a mass of 1kg and a speed of 1 ms. A completely inelastic collision occurs in which momentum is conserved. What is the approximate
speed of block X after the collision? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.4 m/s"
"Block X and block Y travel toward each other along a horizontal surface with block X traveling in the positive direction. Block X has a mass of 2kg and a speed of 3m/s. Block Y has a mass of 1kg and a speed of 3m/s. After the collision, block X travels in the horizontal direction with a speed of 1m/s in the negative
direction. What is the speed of block Y if the collision is elastic? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 m/s"
"Cart X travels in the positive direction along a horizontal surface, and cart Y travels in the positive direction. The carts collide, and a student collects data about the carts' velocities as a function of time before, during, and after a collision, as shown. The masses of both objects are known. Which of the following best indicates how the student should use the graph to determine whether the collision is elastic
or inelastic and provides a correct justification? - CORRECT ANSWER Using the known mass and known
velocity for each cart to determine the kinetic energy of the system before and after the collision, because the kinetic energy changes in an inelastic collision" "A student must conduct an experiment to verify the conservation of momentum. Cart X and Cart Y travel toward each other and eventually collide, as shown in the figure. The student has access to the two carts, one mass balance, and two motion detectors. If the mass of each cart is known, how should the student arrange one or both motion detectors so that the student can collect enough information about the
motion of the carts, in order to verify the conservation of momentum of the system? - CORRECT
ANSWER 2 motion detectors outside the collision"
"A student conducts three experiments in which two carts, cart 1 and cart 2, travel toward each other and collide. A graph of each cart's momentum as a function of time is shown above. In which experiment, if
any, does the graph indicate the presence of a net external force exerted on the two-cart system? -
CORRECT ANSWER None of the experiments indicate the presence of a net external force."
"A cart is attached to a hanging block by a string that passes over a pulley, as shown in the figure. The pulley has negligible friction in its axle and negligible mass. A student must determine the change in momentum of the cart as it is pulled across the horizontal surface from the moment the cart is released from rest to the moment immediately before the cart collides with the pulley. Which of the following lists
the measuring devices that are needed to determine the change in momentum of the cart? - CORRECT
ANSWER Timer, mass balance, and meterstick"
"A student conducts an experiment in which a cart is pulled by a variable applied force during a 2 s time interval. In trial 1, the student exerts the force on a cart of mass M. In trial 2, the student exerts the force on a cart of mass 3M. In trial 3, the student exerts the force on a cart of 5M. In which trial will the cart
experience the greatest change in momentum from 0 s to 2 s? - CORRECT ANSWER Trial 3"
"A block of mass of 10kg travels in the positive direction along a surface with negligible friction. The block has an initial momentum 18kg⋅ms. The block collides with an object of an unknown mass that is at rest. The force exerted on the block as a function of time is shown on the graph. Which of the following best
predicts the speed and direction of the block immediately after the collision? - CORRECT ANSWER speed
decreases direction same" "Block X travels towards Block Y that is initially at rest, as shown in the figure, and eventually collides with Block Y. Which of the following diagrams represents the final velocities for Block X and Block Y after the
collision if the collision is elastic? - CORRECT ANSWER x= 2.4 m/s y= 6.4 m/s"
"Astronaut X of mass 50kg floats next to Astronaut Y of mass 100kg while in space, as shown in the figure. The positive direction is shown. Astronaut X applies a force against Astronaut Y such that the kinetic energy of each astronaut as a function of time is shown in the graph. What is the change in momentum of the two-astronaut system and the change in momentum of each astronaut from immediately before the
force was applied to immediately after the force was applied? - CORRECT ANSWER Change in
Momentum of the System (kg⋅m/s) 0 Change in Momentum of Astronaut X (kg⋅m/s)(kg⋅m/s)
Change in Momentum of Astronaut Y (kg⋅m/s)(kg⋅m/s) 100" "A 9000kg rock slides on a horizontal surface with negligible friction at 3m/s toward a 3000kg rock that is at rest, as shown in Figure 1. A collision occurs such that the two rocks remain stuck together and travel with a common final speed vf , as shown in Figure 2. What is the speed vf of the two-object system after
the collision? - CORRECT ANSWER 2.25 m/s"
"A student performs several experiments in which two carts collide as they travel along a horizontal surface. Cart X and Cart Y both have a mass of 1kg. Data collected from the three experiments are shown in
the table. During which experiment does the center of mass of the system of two carts have the greatest
change in its momentum? - CORRECT ANSWER All experiments have the same change in momentum for
the center of mass of the system of two carts." "A mass M1 slides along a horizontal surface and collides with and sticks to a mass M2 that is initially at rest at the bottom of a ramp, as shown in Figure 1. Frictional forces between the masses, the surface, and the ramp are considered to be negligible. After the collision, masses M1 and M2 slide together up the curved ramp as a total mass of M12 , as shown in Figure 2. The two masses eventually come to rest at their highest position along the ramp. Which of the following claims is correct regarding the momentum of the system
of mass M1 and the system of mass M1 and M2 in terms of their momenta? - CORRECT ANSWER The
system of mass M1M1 is an open system, and the system of mass M1M1 and M2M2 is an open system." "Object X collides into object Y and exerts a force on object Y while both objects are in contact. A graph of the force that object X exerts on object Y is shown. How could the graph be used to determine the change
in momentum of object Y during the collision? - CORRECT ANSWER By determining the area bound by
the curve and the horizontal axis from 0s0s to 0.01s" "Two objects of the same mass travel in opposite directions along a horizontal surface. Object X has a speed of 5ms and object Y has a speed of 5ms, as shown in the figure. After a period of time, object X collides with object Y. In scenario 1, the objects stick together after the collision. In scenario 2, the objects do not stick together after the collision. Consider scenario 1. Is the object X-object Y system open or closed? Predict whether both the momentum
and the kinetic energy of the system will be the same or different after the collision. - CORRECT ANSWER
system closed momentum same KE changes" “Block X of mass M slides across a horizontal surface where friction is negligible. Block X collides with block Y of mass 2M that is initially at rest, as shown in Figure 1. After the collision, both blocks slide together with
a speed vs , as shown in Figure 2. - CORRECT ANSWER 9/2Mv^2"
"Block X of mass M travels with a speed v0. Block Y of mass 2M travels with a speed 2v0. Both blocks travel toward each other and collide. After the blocks collide, they separate so that the kinetic energy of the system remains conserved. Which of the following equations for the conservation of momentum could a
student use to help determine the speed vf of each block after the collision? - CORRECT ANSWER
m0v0−4m0v0=m0vXf+2m0vYf, because the two blocks initially travel in opposite directions, and the blocks do not stick after the collision." "In an experiment, two objects, Object X and Object Y, travel toward each other and collide. Data are collected about each object before, during, and after the collision to create a graph that shows the momenta of Object Xand Object Y as a function of time. How should a student use the data found on the
graph to verify the conservation of momentum? - CORRECT ANSWER The vector sum of the momenta
should be compared, because momentum is a vector quantity."
