ANTI-TUBERCULAR AGENTS
PRESENTED BY
DR.SANGEETHA.S, M.Pharm., Ph.D
Assistant Professor
( Department pharmaceutical chemistry)
Vinayaka Mission’s College of Pharmacy
Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation(DU)
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2022/2023
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ANTI-TUBERCULAR AGENTS
PRESENTED BY DR.SANGEETHA.S, M.Pharm., Ph.D Assistant Professor ( Department pharmaceutical chemistry) Vinayaka Mission’s College of Pharmacy Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation(DU)
. Tuberculosis or T.B. (Tubercle bacillus) is an
infectious disease caused by various strains of
mycobacterium usually mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can
also affect other parts of the body. The classic
symptoms are a chronic cough with blood-
hinged sputum, fever, night-sweats and
weight loss.
The drug used for the treatment of tuberculosis
is called as anti-tubercular drugs
INTRODUCTION
P-amino salicylic acid(PAS) and Analogues
Ex: P-amino salicylic acid (PAS)
Pyridine derivatives
Ex: Isoniazid(INH)
Pyrazine derivatives
Ex: Pyrazinamide
Ethylene diamine derivatives
Ex: Ethambutol
Antibiotics
Ex: Rifampicin, Streptomycin, C ycloserine
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS
P-amino salicylic acid(PAS)
Route II. From: m- Nitrophenol
Pyridine derivatives Ex: Isoniazid(INH) Pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
It causes a decreased synthesis of mycolic acid. Mycolic acid is a constituent of mycobacterial cell wall that is thought to be responsible for the acid fastness of the bacteria. Isonicotinic acid inhibits the bacterial cell wall mycolic acid, thereby making M. tuberculosis susceptible to reactive oxygen radicals. Isoniazid may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug attained at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the infecting organism. The drug is active against susceptible bacteria only during bacterial cell division.
Mechanism of action:
Ethylene diamine derivatives Ethambutol HCl (+)N.N’-Bis{(R)-1-hydroxymethyl propyl}ethylenediamine
Rifampicin is an antibiotic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells Antibiotics Ex: Rifampicin,
Streptomycin