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A theory is a. an idea that has been proven. b. a concept in the early stages that still needs to be tested. c. a description of a belief that invokes the supernatural. d. an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence. e. All of the choices are correct. - ANSan explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence Which of the following statements regarding a common cellular activity is false? - ANSNew cells are derived from cellular components like organelles The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually broad and ridged. This makes the teeth suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates a. a food web. b. All of the choices are correct. c. a result of natural selection only. d. the connection between form and function only. e. a result of natural selection as well as the connection between form and function. - ANSa result of natural selection as well as the connection between form and function Which of the following is not an example of evolution that has resulted from human activity? a. Because of hunting, species such as bears and wolves are in danger of extinction. .b. Like certain other crops, domesticated strawberries are larger than wild strawberries. c. Some insect species are now resistant to pesticides. d. Many strains of bacteria are now resistant to some commonly used antibiotics - ANSBecause of hunting, species such as bears and wolves are in danger of extinction. Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false? - ANSAll organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature. Which of the following statements about genetics is true? - ANSDifferences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA. An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria. a. to be just as susceptible to that antibiotic as was the previous generation. b. to be more resistant to that antibiotic. c. to die out due to the drastic decrease in population size. d. to be more contagious than the prior generation. e. All of the choices are correct. - ANSTo be more resistant to that antibiotic. You notice that over the past month, many students on campus have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new sweatshirt style. This prediction is an example of - ANSHypothesis Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya? - ANSFungi Which of the following statements about evolution is true? - ANSEvolution can result in adaptations Kingdom Fungi includes species a. such as mushrooms and plants. b. that obtain food by ingestion. c. that use photosynthesis to obtain food. d. that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients. e. All of the choices are correct. - ANSThat obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients
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Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its a. orbitals. b. hydrogen bonds. c. mass. d. size. - ANSHydrogen bonds As ice melts, - ANSHydrogen bonds are broken Which of the following statements regarding matter is false? a. All life is composed of matter. b. All matter has mass. c. All matter is composed of elements. d. All matter exists in the form of compounds. e. All of the choices are correct. - ANSAll matter exists in the form of compounds Which are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules? - ANSHydrogen bonds You've been experiencing acid indigestion lately, and you'd like a quick fix for the problem. You do a little research on the Internet and discover that your problem is caused by excess stomach acid. In the pharmacy aisles, however, you're having a little trouble deciding what to purchase to address the problem. At the pharmacy counter, the clerk recommends that you purchase PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer tablets. If you were able to chemically analyze your stomach fluids 30 minutes after taking two tablets, you would find. a. more hydrogen ions. b. fewer hydrogen ions. c. the same number of hydrogen ions. d. that the pH in your stomach has decreased. - ANSFewer hydrogen ions Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that - ANSInsects fly around a bright lamp at night Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom? - ANSThe number of protons in the atom Clot formation in our blood can lead to a heart attack or stroke. What was altered in the proteins that made the clot? - ANSThe proteins were no longer soluble in the blood You've been experiencing acid indigestion lately, and you'd like a quick fix for the problem. You do a little research on the Internet and discover that your problem is caused by excess stomach acid. In the pharmacy aisles, however, you're having a little trouble deciding what to purchase to address the problem. At the pharmacy counter, the clerk recommends that you purchase PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer tablets. If you could check the pH of the recommended tablets, you would expect it to be - ANSHigher than 7 Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is - ANS100 times more acidic A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find - ANSH2O molecules, H+ ions, and OH- ions
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c. fungi and insects d. insects and plants - ANSFungi and insects A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a. a. oil. b. steroid. c. protein. d. polysaccharide. - ANSPolysaccharide Sucrose is formed - ANSFrom two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis Decreased fertility in men from developed countries may be related to - ANSIncreased exposure to hormone-like chemicals in the environment In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads - ANSare hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. As a result of this, that cell will - ANSUndergo self-digestion and die The function of chloroplasts is - ANSPhotosynthesis Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria - ANSContain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana Which of the following structures are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces? - ANSCapsule Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth. What should you do? a. Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since each little piece must be dissolved separately, the drop will last longer. b. Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio, and slows the dissolution of the cough drop. c. Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This decreases the surface-to-volume ratio, and slows the dissolution of the cough drop. d. It doesn't matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough drop is all that matters. - ANSKeep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio, and slows the dissolution of the cough drop During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called - ANSChromosomes Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?
- ANSPeroxosome The cells that produce hair contain a lot of _____, which the cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of _____. - ANSRough endoplasmic reticulum... Smooth endoplasmic reticulm A scanning electron microscope is used to study ____, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study _____. - ANSCell surfaces... Internal cell structures Light microscopes - ANSUse light and glass lenses to magnify an image A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner's sperm indicates that dynein feet are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this could interfere with fertility by - ANSPreventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell When a cell uses fatty acids for aerobic respiration, it first hydrolyzes fats to - ANSGlycerol and fatty acids
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Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false? - ANSGlycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit a. the citric acid cycle. b. oxidative phosphorylation. c. glycolysis. d. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. - ANSThe citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation Pyruvate - ANSForms at the end of glycolysis The label on the box of breakfast cereal lists one serving as containing "200 calories" per serving. How many calories are actually in one serving? a. 20 b. 2, c. 200, d. 2,000,000 - ANS200, Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide? a. bear b. mushroom c. wheat d. crayfish - ANSWheat When proteins are used as a source of energy fr the body, the proteins. a. are converted into glucose molecules, which are fed into glycolysis. b. are converted mainly into intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. c. are hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids; electrons are stripped from the amino acids and passed to the electron transport chain. d. are hydrolyzed to glucose and converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. - ANSAre converted mainly into intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle A culture of bacteria growing aerobically is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactivity would first appear in - ANSCitrate Humans use the calories they obtain from _____ as their source of energy - ANSFood The conversion of CO2 and H@O into organic compounds using energy from light is called - ANSPhotosynthesis During cellular respiration, NADH - ANSDelivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule Which of the following statements regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false - ANSEach pyruvate molecule has a CO2 added and then joins with an NADH As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+, which allows H+ to leak from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. This effect leads to weight loss.
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e. Bacteria and Archaea. - ANSBacteria and Archaea Which of the following are NOT consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection? a. Factors in the environment result in some organisms having better reproductive success than others. b. Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment. c. Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species. d. All of the choices are correct. e. Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are passed from parents to offspring. - ANSIndividual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment. National Institutes of Health (NIH) study doses of vitamin C and the time if takes to recover from a cold. Group A gets 3000mg of vitamin C and Group B gets the placebo. What else would you want to know to ensure valid results? a. whether any volunteers had colds at the start of the experiment. b. whether the volunteers exercised daily. c. whether the volunteers all worked for the same company. d. what the volunteers ate during the experiment. e. All of the choices are correct. - ANSa. whether any volunteers had colds at the start of the experiment What are the levels of organization in ground-up beef muscle? - ANSorganelle, cell, tissue Members of the Kingdom Animalia... - ANSCan obtain their food by eating other organisms To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be... a. All of the choices are correct. b. controlled. c. testable and falsifiable. d. part of a theory. e. reasonable. - ANSTestable and falsifiable What is the ultimate source of energy in nearly all ecosystems? a. radioactivity. b. sunlight. c. electricity. d. wind. - ANSSunlight Looking through a microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will look for a cell that... - ANSHas a plasma membrane A hypothesis is... a. the same as a theory. b. a proposed explanation for a set of observations. c. an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence. d. a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon. e. All of the choices are correct. - ANSA proposed explanation for a set of observations A tree in your yard is home to 2 cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp nest, and millions of bacteria. All these represent: - ANSA community "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of: - ANSDeductive reasoning
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What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding? - ANSIn a covalent bond, partners share a pair of electrons. In an ionic bond, one partner accepts an electron from the other. Which of the following regarding chemical reactions is FALSE? - ANSSome chemical reactions create electrons, others destroy them. Diabetic does not utilize inulin properly, so they metabolize fats instead of glucose. This is called diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a common result of excessive fat metabolism which causes pH values of 7.1 or less. What happened to the blood pH and why? - ANSThe pH is below normal (acidic) because the buffering capacity was exceeded. Dependent on ability of water to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water? - ANSThe university of water as a solvent What is another term for atomic mass? - ANSDalton In the equation 2 H2+O2---->2H2O... - ANSOnly H2O is a compound If water is pure, a chemist would expect to find... - ANSH2O molecules, H+ ions, and OH- ions An effective way to decrease production of acid precipitation would be to... - ANSWhenever possible, walk/ride a bike instead of driving A pH of 1 compared to a pH of 3 is: - ANS100 times more acidic In the equation 2H2 + O2 ---->H2O, H2 molecules are ____________ and H2O molecules are ____________. a. reactants... products b. products... reactants c. created... destroyed d. used... stored - ANSReactants ; Products In pepcid-ac or alka-seltzer tablets, you would expect a pH... - ANSHigher than 7 on pH scale Four most common elements in living oragnisms is : - ANSC, H, O, and N Often added to table salt... - ANSIodine What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons? - ANS How do you calculate atomic mass of an atom? - ANSProtons + Neutrons What best describes the atomic number of an atom? - ANSAtomic number is the number of protons in an atom Tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to it's: a. its size. b. the presence of pleated sheets. c. the amino acids of which it is made. d. the overall three-dimensional structure. - ANSOverall three-dimensional structure Peptide Bonds... - ANSLink amino acids How are genes used by cells to build proteins? - ANSThe genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein How is sucrose formed? - ANSFrom 2 monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis What is dehydration synthesis? - ANSDehydration synthesis is the process of joining to molecules or compounds together, following the removal of water. Storage of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants. - ANSGlycogen ; Starch Statement that is FALSE about enzymes: - ANSThey are monomers used to build proteins Where are structural proteins found? - ANSHair and tendons
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It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are... - ANSGap junctions (communicating junctions) Which of the following statements regarding cells is false? - ANSAll cells have a cell wall Which characteristic promoted the utilization of lipids as the first cell membrane? - ANSSelf- assembly into a simple membrane In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will... - ANSLyse Americans spend up to $100 billion annually for bottled water (41 billion gallons). The only beverages with higher sales are carbonated soft drinks. Recent news stories have highlighted the fact that most bottled water comes from municipal water supplies (the same source as your tap water), although it may undergo an extra purification step called reverse osmosis. Imagine two tanks that are separated by a membrane that's permeable to water, but not to the dissolved minerals present in the water. Tank A contains tap water and Tank B contains the purified water. Under normal conditions, the purified water would cross the membrane to dilute the more concentrated tap water solution. In the reverse osmosis process, pressure is applied to the tap water tank to force the water molecules across the membrane into the pure water tank. After the reverse osmosis system has been operating for 30 minutes, the solution in Tank A wo - ANSBe hypertonic to tank B Bacterial production of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan declines with increasing levels of tryptophan and increases as tryptophan levels decline. This is an example of - ANSfeedback inhibition (negative feedback) ATP can be used as the cell's energy exchange mechanism because - ANSendergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP A steer must eat at least 100 pounds of grain to gain less than 10 pounds of muscle tissue. This illustrates - ANSThe second law of thermodynamics The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called - ANSPhosphorylation A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to - ANSAllow the cells of an embryo to sort themselves into tissues and organs What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions? - ANSExergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it In the reaction A ----> B + C + heat, a. there is a net input of energy. b. the potential energy of the products is greater than that of the reactant. c. the potential energy of the products is less than that of the reactant. d. entropy has decreased. - ANSThe potential energy of the products is less than that of the reactant Heating inactivates enzymes by - ANSChanging the enzymes three-dimensional shape Americans spend up to $100 billion annually for bottled water (41 billion gallons). The only beverages with higher sales are carbonated soft drinks. Recent news stories have highlighted the fact that most bottled water comes from municipal water supplies (the same source as your tap water), although it may undergo an extra purification step called reverse osmosis. Imagine two tanks that are separated by a membrane that's permeable to water, but not to the dissolved minerals present in the water. Tank A contains tap water and Tank B contains the purified water. Under normal conditions, the purified water would cross the membrane to
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dilute the more concentrated tap water solution. In the reverse osmosis process, pressure is applied to the tap water tank to force the water molecules across the membrane into the pure water tank. If you shut the system off and pressure was no longer applied to Tank A, you would expect - ANSThe water to reverse flow from Tank B to Tank A In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. The solution in the balloon is ________ relative to the solution in the beaker. - ANSHypotonic Which of the following statements regarding membrane protein function is false? a. Membrane proteins serve as enzymes. b. Membrane proteins act as receptors to molecules like hormones. c. Membrane proteins form junctions between cells. d. Membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm. - ANSMembrane protein functions transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm Aquaporins... - ANSAllow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion. Which of the following statements about the absorption of photons by pigment molecules is true? - ANSThe release of energy by the excited electron can be as heat, light, or fluorescence. In photosynthesis, the chemiosmotic production of ATP - ANSIs analogous to the production of ATP in mitochondria The chloroplast ATP synthase - ANScouples the flow of H+ to the phosphorylation of ADP Which of the following organisms utilizes energy from the sun? Select one: a. decomposing bacteria b. mushroom c. leopard d. giraffe e. tree - ANStree Which level in the hierarchy shown is a community? a. level C, All organisms in the dessert b. level B, Dessert c. level A, All environments on earth supporting life d. LEVEL E, All of the choices are correct. e. level D, Group of lizards - ANSlevel C, All organisms in the dessert Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? a. ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, organelle, tissue b. cell, molecule, organ system, organ, organelle, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community c. organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule
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a. chlorine gives an electron to sodium. b. a hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chlorine. c. sodium and chlorine share electrons to form a bond. d. sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine - ANSsodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt? a. iodine b. iron c. magnesium d. fluoride - ANSiodine Which of the following statements about acid precipitation is false? a. Acid precipitation is defined as having a pH below 5.6. b. Acid precipitation damages natural wilderness areas. c. Acid precipitation is primarily the result of burning fossil fuels. d. Acid precipitation has little or no effect on soil chemistry. - ANSAcid precipitation has little or no effect on soil chemistry. An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have? a. 11 b. 15 c. 5 d. 2 - ANS The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by a. condensation. b. hydrolysis. c. polymerization. d. the addition of an amino group. - ANShydrolysis. Which of the following is an amino group? a. OH b. NH c. COOH d. CO - ANSNH Proteins differ from one another because a. the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein. b. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein. c. each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules. d. the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule. - ANSthe sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.
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Cellulose differs from starch in that a. glycogen is formed by plants and cellulose by animals. b. most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. c. starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers. d. cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched. - ANSmost animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because a. they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. b. they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. c. their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. d. they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract. - ANStheir intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. You work for a company that manufactures food products. A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food a. includes proteins. b. could only be made of triglycerides. c. could only be made of carbohydrates. d. does not include proteins or nucleic acids. - ANSdoes not include proteins or nucleic acids. You're the manager of a factory that produces enzyme-washed blue jeans (the enzymes lighten the color of the denim, giving a "faded" appearance). When the most recent batch of fabric came out of the enzyme wash, however, the color wasn't light enough to meet your standards. Your quality control laboratory wants to do some tests to determine why the wash enzymes didn't perform as expected. Based on your understanding of enzyme structure, which of the following would you recommend that they also investigate? a. the temperature of the liquid in the washing vat b. the manufacturer of the fabric c. how long the fabric has been in storage d. the primary structure of the enzyme - ANSthe temperature of the liquid in the washing vat Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false? a. In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell's total membrane area. b. In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic processes to occur. c. In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles. d. In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles. - ANSIn eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles. Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?
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b. the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water c. the fact that plant cells are isotonic to tap water d. the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall - ANSthe relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by a. osmosis. b. active transport. c. pinocytosis. d. passive transport. - ANSpassive transport. Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. diffusion d. pinocytosis - ANSexocytosis Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient? a. osmosis b. passive transport c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport - ANSactive transport Osmosis can be defined as a. the diffusion of water. b. the diffusion of nonpolar molecules. c. active transport. d. the diffusion of a solute. - ANSthe diffusion of water. Which of the following statements regarding thermodynamics is false? a. Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. b. A single cell or the planet Earth could be a thermodynamic system. c. An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings. d. An automobile engine is a closed system because it does not exchange energy and matter with its surroundings. - ANSAn automobile engine is a closed system because it does not exchange energy and matter with its surroundings. When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will a. exhibit a net movement to the side with higher free water concentration. b. exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane. c. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower free water concentration.
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d. exhibit NO movement at all. e. exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration. - ANSexhibit a net movement to the side with lower free water concentration. Which of the following statements regarding food is false? a. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that make molecules for cellular repair and growth. b. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce molecules that are not actually present in the original food. c. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce sugar by a process that is the exact opposite of glycolysis. d. Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that consume ATP - ANSFood provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce sugar by a process that is the exact opposite of glycolysis. Which of the following statements about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false? a. Less than 50% of the chemical energy available in glucose is converted to ATP energy. b. Most of the ATP derived during aerobic respiration results from oxidative phosphorylation. c. Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules. d. The total yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is about 32. - ANSOxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules. A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria? a. oxidative phosphorylation b. alcoholic fermentation c. glycolysis d. biosynthesis - ANSoxidative phosphorylation During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose a. becomes stored in molecules of ammonia. b. is used to manufacture glucose. c. is released all at once. d. is carried by electrons. - ANSis carried by electrons. Humans use about ________ of their daily calories to maintain brain cells and power other life-sustaining activities. a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 90% - ANS75%
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a. H2O b. glucose c. O d. chlorophyll - ANSH2O In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like a. an antenna. b. a propeller on a motorboat. c. a windmill. d. a spring. - ANSan antenna. What is the main adaptive advantage of the C4 and CAM photosynthesis strategies over the C3 strategy? a. They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry conditions. b. They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently under conditions of low atmospheric CO2. c. They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently in dim or cool conditions. d. They make it possible for the plant to use the Calvin cycle at night. - ANSThey help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry conditions. Sunlight is a type of ________ energy. a. electromagnetic b. potential c. kinetic d. nuclear - ANSelectromagnetic What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms? a. chemotrophs b. heterotrophs c. synthesizers d. autotrophs - ANSautotrophs Photophosphorylation during photosynthesis differs from oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration in that a. it involves an electron transport chain. b. energy is stored in the form of a proton concentration difference. c. regeneration of ATP is driven by a flow of protons through an ATP synthase. d. the final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen. - ANSthe final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen. The Calvin cycle constructs ________, an energy-rich molecule that a plant cell can then use to make glucose or other organic molecules.
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a. G3P b. ATP c. NADH d. carbon dioxide - ANSG3P Plant cells a. lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. b. lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts. c. have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts. d. have mitochondria and chloroplasts. - ANShave mitochondria and chloroplasts. Autotrophs that utilize light as their energy source are a. chemosynthetic autotrophs. b. photoautotrophs. c. fungi. d. heterotrophs. - ANSphotoautotrophs. Photosynthesis requires many steps to make glucose. As a result of the synthesis process, a. all the carbons from the six carbon dioxide atoms are found in glucose. b. more atoms are present at the beginning than at the end. c. more carbon dioxide is released from the plant than is absorbed. d. water is synthesized by the plant from H2 and O2. - ANSall the carbons from the six carbon dioxide atoms are found in glucose. Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false? a. Nucleotides contain lipids. b. Nucleotides contain sugar molecules. c. Nucleotides can be linked together to form nucleic acids. d. Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases. - ANSNucleotides contain lipids. Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false? a. The cytoskeleton helps to support cells. b. Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place. c. The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. d. The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion. - ANSOnce laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________. a. chloroplasts... cell walls... centrioles b. centrioles... chloroplasts... cell walls
