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201 Contemporary Urban Affairs 8 , Volume 2 , Number 3 , pages 102 – 106
Closed and Open Office Buildings^ A Comparative Some Selected Buildings in Abuja^ Analysis on User Satisfaction in: Case Study of
* Ph.D. Candidate E mail: obasanjoadeolaowoyale@yahoo.com 2 Adamawa State Ministry of Housing and Urban Developmen OBASANJO ADEOLA OW 1 & 3 Department of Architecture, Cyprus Internatio MOHAMMEDOYALE E mail: jbarka4u@gmail.com TAUHEED ALFA^1 , Dr. BARKA JONATHAN KWAYA nal University, Nicosia, Cyprust, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria 3 E mail: mohammedtalfa@yahoo.com 2 , Ph.D. Candidate
A B S T R Many organizations and industries around the world have their own preference of office type base on the employee’s satisfaction work. Open office is an office that has large open space with no partitionable walls A C T nature of services to be rendered. Office building withoutcan adversely affect their performances at their places of
but office is the type with solid walls each both satisfaction providing workstation for ofemployers and architects. The aim of this studyfice. It is in the light of this that the design of office becomes imperative to and preferences in office buildings, each or frames employee as partitions within the open space while close in other to with is to investigate user doors which open toproffer appropriate
design employees respondents, Findings from the study revea layout, it further reveals efficiency in users productivity due to its effectiveness in suggest. A survey is adopted andion and recommendation that the results are thereforels users satisfaction and preference for open office through the aid of analysed using simple statisticcan be used administredquestionnaire to when providing office toal tool.
communication, kwnoledge sharing, managerial activities. The study the conducted by other researchers over the years concerning employees their preference andsatisfaction refore creates a correlation between findingsspace for open office buildings. saving, cost thesaving provision of office and flexibility in for
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (201 https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2018.4724 Copyright © 2018 Contemporary (^8) Urban Affairs. All rights reserved.), 2 ( 3 ), 102 - 106. www.ijcua.com
1. Introduction An an buildings are office oroffice block characterized are known office building and a business center. Office as with different forms buildings, is represented as that contains, and mainly (Brookes & Kaplan, 1972). The primary purpose of working environment and an managerial activities officedesig isned to (^) providespaces primarily for (Wineman, 1986).In (^) a usedworkplace administrative for offices and the aut (^) hor Francis Duffy, "The office building is onewords of office design consultant and
of the Office skylines represented economic activity, social, technolog greatbuildingsof cities asicons inandthe of theevery mosttowers continent twentiethvisible dominate indexical, andandcentury. theareof financial symbolize much of what this century has been about." (Peponis et al., 2007). progress, they have come to
A R T I C L Article histor Received 15 July 2018 Accepted 23 September 2018 Available online 13 October E I (^) y: N F O: (^2018) Keywords: Offic Open officee building; ; Close office Users satisfaction Users Preference.; ; This Creative - NonCommercial work (^) "CCCommons (^) - isBY licensed- (^) N- (^) CNoDerivs 4.0. (^) - ND"Attri underbution a
- Department of Architecture, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus. E Corresponding Author: - mail address: obasanjoadeolaowoyale@yahoo.com
Office building as described by Brill (1984) the change occurred over the last one hundred years. In present most- (^) day (^) intangible employmentAmerica, reflection northern patterns of Europe,a thatprofound andhas, is Japan, population compared to 5 percent of the population at the architecture beginning at leastis employed ofhas (^50) the percent 20thundergonein office ofcentury. the settings workingOffmany (^) iceas interconnected both Influences contemporary office designs just as Prevailing political and social conditions as well as the discontinuity from phasesthe (^) past (^) andand can haveinconsistencies. be withstoodfound in deve changes in the form and use of office spaces (Wineman, 1982). Through successive concepts and highlopment of technology (^) performance Mooretrajection in office design, further explains et al., (1985) capable of increased improved health, greater flexibility, enhanced energy and environmental performance that is, describes workingoffering both an office as satisfaction, owners and users a space productivity, which is safe, pleasing. are every day becoming layout face (^) - tohealthy,-face The Concepts evolving and officeknowledgecomfortable set to induce interaction and towards office de andand aesthetically spaces areinformationsigns exchange Abuja embraced the patterns Office buildings in Abuja tend to symbolize the office and with lots of office buildings, most ofbuildings concepts being the capital of Nigeria, is hav e(Wineman, various design1986). dominance of work force as they reflect in the efficiency social, However satisfaction technological, and ain compgrowthclosedarative andof and economic financialstudy open oprogress.activity,n officeuser buildings on the and satisfaction for office building types. 2. Methodology concepts, dominance is Abuja will as of officewell further throw as preferencedesign patterns more light and In between closed and open office study tend to adopt a The approach the a bid to actualize the comparative study study and is however much thus was qualitative approach effectively appropriate for layout, used theto. investigate, s buildings questionnaires were formulated distributedatisfaction. The (^) amongstinanalyse (^) totalclosed respondentsandof and evaluate (^100) and randomlyopen (staff)structured office userof Airtell operate an open plan office settings and federal secretariate call office premised office whichin Abuja operate a which the
close office retrieved data is Statistical software statistics isPackage program. (^) furtherplan quantitatively analysed using settings. (^) usedfor HoweverSocial to The derived and (^) summarizeScience descriptive (SPSS) and evaluate obtained from participants of the study. (^3) 3.1.. Literature R Results and Discussions the eview data based on the results From the questionnaire administered plan twenty five of out while of the officeone thirtyusers the questionnaire were returnedhundred administerdin Airtel questionnaire call to centre respondents, to open Abuja,were administered to open office users with eighty five following options on how they feel about their office excellent. Questions asked were how satisfied returned.They wheither poor, are good,to chose very fromgood theor they are in their own office, how effective is their communication within group, interaction with colleague, visual privacy in their office and acoustical privacy. 3.2 Satisfaction in an office is relative to individual. However, it shows how happy or contented an employee is in his place of work or work station, his views on office setting ranging from furniture. Satisfaction with own office arrangement, types of furniture, of the office. of closed open office users are satisfied with their own satisfaction with own office in open and office. The figure below shows the states The figure shows size and shape that 40% of office against the 12% percentage of the users who rate being respondent are satisfied because it allow them to learn from their colleagues while 47.1% of poor. their satisfaction with own office as Greater percentage of the the close office users are not satisfied with own office interact well with their colleagues. because it does not allow them to (^1020304050600)
(^100708090) Closed Office Open Office Figure 1. Satisfaction with own office Source: (Author, 2012).
reaction of employees to visual privacy of their environment.
Figure open office. Source: (Author, 2012). One office (^4) advantages. Level of interraction with colleagues in closed andis out door of closedview officeof the to officeopen environment above privacy is excellent as agaaist the 12% of open office users who said out door view of their office environment is excellent, this is because 48.2% as of canthe berespodent seen in saidthe figurevisual they are a located along the window side while most of them have their work station station far from the window and door which do not allow them few number restricted in one open space with on that have their work station to have a sky view. 3.6 Noise reduction is a major consideration that one has t. Acoustical quality of the office o take when ever a design is being proposed. facilitate and enhances the desired activities within a confine space people desire to work alone in an office hence prefer close Perceivedoffice layout (^) Barett,individual plan (^) compare(2002). Most privacy to open office plan, its is essential since the nature and type of work they do strongly influences their architect, lawyer, choice and medical ofcomputer office doctor, type. programmer nurse,For example pharmacy, whose an work thinking environment analysis, banker, broker, social welfare workers whose work require interaction among them for required prefer awhen (^) tolot work ofcompare concentrain an opentotion system (^) officeand easy reduce when designing for ceil floors materials to reduce the noise in design of close office. The figure below showed the acoustic sharingby replacing of informations.This them withings, walls, and canacoustical be quality of open closed office.
Figure 2012). From the figure above 61.2% of closed office users said acoustical quality of their office is 5. Acoustical quality of open and closed office. Source: ( Author, excellent while 20% of the open office users said is excellent, also 40% of the close office users said acoustical quality o poor could have been to attributed to the fact them against the 7.1% in closedf their office is office, this in open office is high tendency when employees are few. compare employees are much and there of noise among colleaguesto closed office were
Plate 2012). The picture above shows workers in an open office layout. Each worker with his own work station 1. Acoustical quality of open and closed o separated from his colleagueffice. Source: ( Author, by his desk, chair, computer and their accessories his table.Here all workers can view each other since they all operate in an open space hence supervision of workers performances becomes easier by their superior. on
Plate 2012). 2. Acoustical quality of open and closed office. Source: ( Author,
The workspace provided for him in an open office which separated from his colleagues by glass frame. pict heure controls above asshows his ownthe andomain.He employee is
4. Previous studies have documented that open office communication However, such layouts can also increase visual Recommendations and Conclusions layouts increasebetween interaction employees. and and privacy concentrate on their job tasks when needed. It appears that the op benefits and drawbacks. An assessment of the noise and distractions, hinderen and closed offices have employees’ reduce perceivedability to organizational individual responsibilities is needed to decide the right mix of open and closed spaces for a given work area. Sit that promotes goals,postural-stand adjustable furniture group changes objectives and bodyand References^ activity^ energy^ work.^ levelcan^ improveand^ mood^ employees’^ state^ after^ perceived^ a^ day’s Brennan, versus open office design: a study, (^34) https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502034003001( journala., and of environmentkline, 3 ), T. (2002).Longitudinal field and Traditionalbehavior, 279 - 299. Demarco, busywork Random https://www.amazon.com/Slack Burnout- (^) Busywork T.and S. (1994)thehouse,-Efficiency myth. Getting of- totaln (^) ew-pastGetting Efficiency. burnout,- york. Heerwagen,^ ebook/dp/B004SOVC2Y Collaborative journal of 510 - 528. building research& Information j.,knowledg Kampschroer,K.e work Environments (^) ,(2004). 32 (6):. M^ https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210412331313025ike enclosed private offices re recommendation psychology,, o and von, 25 ( 5 h),journal .(2008). 219 - search review229. (^) ofOpen environmentalAvailible plan Andandat: Veitch, j. Ch^ https://www.knoll.com/media/878/738/OpenCl^ osed_Offices_wp.pdf g. A plan (2004).officearles, k., kelly, farley k. And newsham, Model of satisfactionconditions: cope field With open findings.- Venezia,^ Journal of environmental^177 https://do mobile-^189 .c.workeri.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.04.002 And networks:allee, v. Psychology, (^) components(2007).Sup^ porting^27 (for^3 ): Effective workplaces, journal of corporate real estate, https:// (^) doi.org/10.1108/14630010710845758(9)3: 168 - 182.
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