SAGE UK Style Guide
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6.1 SAGE Harvard
1. General
1. Initials should be used without spaces or full points.
2. Up to three authors may be listed. If more are provided, then list the first three authors and represent
the rest by et al. Fewer authors followed by et al. is also acceptable.
2. Text citations
1. All references in the text and notes must be specified by the authors’ last names and date of
publication together with page numbers if given.
2. Do not use ibid., op. cit., infra., supra. Instead, show the subsequent citation of the same source in
the same way as the first.
3. Where et al. is used in textual citations, this should always be upright, not italic.
Note the following for the style of text citations:
1. If the author’s name is in the text, follow with year in parentheses:
... Author Last Name (year) has argued ...
2. If author’s name is not in the text, insert last name, comma and year:
... several works (Author Last Name, year) have described ...
3. Where appropriate, the page number follows the year, separated by a colon:
... it has been noted (Author Last Name, year: page nos) that ...
4. Where there are two authors, give both names, joined by ‘and’; if three or more authors, use et al.:
... it has been stated (Author Last Name and Author Last Name, year) ...
... some investigators (Author Last Name et al., year) ...
5. If there is more than one reference to the same author and year, insert a, b, etc. in both the text and the
list:
... it was described (Author Last Name, yeara, yearb) ...
6. Enclose within a single pair of parentheses a series of references, separated by semicolons:
... and it has been noted (Author Last Name and Author Last Name, year; Author Last Name and Author
Last Name, year; Author Last Name, year) ...
Please order alphabetically by author names.
7. If two or more references by the same author are cited together, separate the dates with a comma:
... the author has stated this in several studies (Author Last Name, year, year, year, year) ...
Please start with the oldest publication.
8. Enclose within the parentheses any brief phrase associated with the reference:
... several investigators have claimed this (but see Author Last Name, year: page nos–page nos)
9. For an institutional authorship, supply the minimum citation from the beginning of the complete
reference:
... a recent statement (Name of Institution, year: page nos) ...
... occupational data (Name of Bureau or Institution, year: page nos) reveal ...
10. For authorless articles or studies, use the name of the magazine, journal, newspaper or sponsoring
organization, and not the title of the article:
... it was stated (Name of Journal, year) that ...
11. Citations from personal communications are not included in the reference list:
... has been hypothesized (Name of Person Cited, year, personal communication).
